Pictures

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Necrotic desquamated epithelial cells inside the tubular lumens

Question 5

Answer 5

Section of the renal cortex with diffuse necrosis and tubular dilatation. The glomeruli are normal

Question 6

Answer 6

Severe dilatation of the tubules

Question 7

Answer 7

Extensive cysts are seen in an enlarged kidney

Question 8

Answer 8

X-ray of a Brown tumour caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism in a young female with chronic kidney disease

Question 9

Answer 9

flow chart for investigating 2-level Wells test

Question 10

2-level Wells test criteria and points

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

diabetic nephropathy - Thickening of the basement membrane is seen alongside multiple Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

Question 12

Answer 12

Severe arteriolosclerosis is seen in the afferent arteriole on the left of the slide. Multiple, smaller acellular nodules are seen in the glomerulus - Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. The tubular basement membrane is also thickened

Question 13

Risk factors diabetic nephropathy

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Isotope bone scan (using technetium-99m labelled diphosphonates which accumulate in the bones) from a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. The scan demonstrates multiple, irregular, randomly distributed foci of high grade activity involving the spine, ribs, sternum, pelvic and femoral bones. The findings are in keeping with multiple osteoblastic metastasis.