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Geography- Water and Carbon Cycles > Pickering Beck > Flashcards

Pickering Beck Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Pickering?

A

North Yorkshire

A market town

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2
Q

Which river is Pickering Beck a tributary to?

A

River Derwent

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3
Q

When has Pickering been flooded?

A

1999, 2000, 2007

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4
Q

How much damage did the 2007 floods cause?

A

£2.1 billion

Flooded 85 homes, shops and the A170

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5
Q

Why were many of the residents not prepared for the 2007 floods?

A

A lot of them had never been flooded before

Caused by a day of torrential rain- little preparation time

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6
Q

What is the Beck’s catchment like?

A

68km2
Gritstone and limestone
Drains the North Yorkshire Moors, mixed land use
Upper catchment is moorland
Lower catchment is arable + some pastoral

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7
Q

Causes of Flooding: Geology

A

It slowly absorbs water- increases runoff

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8
Q

Causes of Flooding: Steep topography

A

Rapid runoff from the steep hillsides

Little infiltration

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9
Q

Causes of Flooding: Agriculture

A

Overgrazing = compacted soil- less water can infiltrate

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10
Q

Causes of Flooding: Urbanisation

A

More impermeable surfaces i.e. tarmac- increases runoff

Drainage systems mean water quickly enters the river channel

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11
Q

Causes of Flooding: Moorland and Forest Drainage

A

Drainage systems increase speed at which water reaches the river channel- reducing lag time

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12
Q

What status is the Beck’s water quality failing to meet?

A

‘good water’

Water Framework Directive

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13
Q

Why is the Beck’s water quality not meeting the expected standards?

A

Chemicals farmers use leak into the river

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14
Q

What policy has the Pickering Flood Management Scheme adopted in 2007?

A

‘Slowing the Flow’

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15
Q

Why is a whole catchment approach being adopted to manage flooding?

A

As it is more sustainable than isolated projects

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16
Q

How much is the flood management project cost?

A

£3.2 million

17
Q

Which organisations are involved in the flood management project?

A

Forest Research

Environment Agency

18
Q

Which university’s computer model has helped the project?

How?

A

Durham

Simulates how tributaries will react after intervention- shows where intervention would worsen the problem

19
Q

Strategies used: Blocking moorland drains

A

187 heather bale dams installed in moorland drains

Aims to improve water retention, decreasing runoff

20
Q

Strategies used: Educating farmers

A

Farmers taught to move cattle feeders regularly to stop the ground being compacted
Increases infiltration

21
Q

Strategies used: No burn zones

A

Heather burning increases runoff as less interception

10m wide no burn zones established along the main watercourse in the Beck’s upper catchment

22
Q

Strategies used: Woodland creation on Farmland

A

Helps protect soils from erosion, and increases infiltration rates- reducing runoff
15 hectares of woodland have been planted on farms
Helps reduce time farmland is submerged in water- increasing yields

23
Q

Advantages of the management scheme?

A

Cheaper and more environmentally friendly than hard engineering
Risk of flooding in Pickering reduced from 25% to 4%

24
Q

Disadvantages of the management scheme?

A

Natural flood defences can’t withstand large storms as they are overwhelmed by flood water
Only reason they seem effective is because there has been less rainfall in the last few years

25
Q

Natural Causes of Flooding

A

Rainfall
Geology and Soil Type
Relief

26
Q

Human Causes of Flooding

A

Agriculture
Urbanisation
Moorland and Forest Drainage

27
Q

Causes of Flooding: Rainfall

A

Heavy rainfall- river quickly exceeds bankfull capacity

Prolonged- saturates soils

28
Q

Other benefits of the Project

A

Increasing biodiversity
Improving water quality
Increasing community involvement

29
Q

Strategies used: Construction of low level Bunds

A

Channel artificially constricted
Forces water onto flood plains in upper catchment
Once peak flow passes, water drains back into river channel
i.e. Newtondale

Geography- Water and Carbon Cycles (6 decks)

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