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PIC > PIC1-8 > Flashcards

PIC1-8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a system

A
  • set of things that work together as part of a mechanism or an interconnected network
  • an assembly of parts that or components existing together in an organised way
  • set of principles or procedures
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2
Q

properties of a system

A

Inputs
Outputs
Boundaries
Process

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3
Q

types of system

A

Open/Closed
Deterministic/Stochastic
Tangible/Abstract
Evolved/Designed
Biological/Mechanical

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4
Q

data

A

A description of something that allows it to be recorded, analysed and reorganised

  • the stuff of which information if made
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5
Q

information

A

Data that has been cleaned, processed, stored, organised, trasmitted

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6
Q

knowledge

A

Information that has been analysed and interpreted… refined by experience, education, familiarity

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7
Q

σσ - information as an instance of semantic content

A
  • σσ consists of one or more data
  • the data are well-formed
  • are meaninfull
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8
Q

Claude Shannon

A

theory of communication of information, concerning efficient transmission of information

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9
Q

Information theory - basic model

A
  • Information source
  • message
  • transmitter
  • signal
  • noise source
  • received signal
  • receiver
  • message
  • destination
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10
Q

Information system

A

Integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing data and for providing information and knowledge

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11
Q

Socio-technical information system

A

considers
- people/human,
- social organisation and - technology

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12
Q

EIS

A

Enterprise information systems.
- Support work processes

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13
Q

COTS

A

Commercial off the shelf

  • needs configuration to reflect company’s operation
  • must integrate with existing operations
  • must be populated with data
  • incorporate industry best practices
  • ready to use
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14
Q

bespoke system

A
  • functionalities need to be identified, documented and built
  • designed to meet exact requirements of the business
  • may bring competitive advantage
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15
Q

EIS life cycle

A
  • commissioned
  • operated
  • decommissioned
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16
Q

Factors in system failure

A
  • miscommunication between system users and providers
  • lack of agreement between user and project team
  • failure to accommodate business requirements
  • failure to adapt to change
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17
Q

National Information Infrastructure Act 1993

A

The network should
- directly benefit all Americans
- provide large economic and social benefits
- be designed to be accessible and usable by all

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18
Q

eCommerce transactions

A
  • buying and selling goods and services
  • transferring funds
  • contracts
  • marketing
  • ticketing and reservations
  • brokerage
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19
Q

what’s needed to make eCommerce work?

A
  • technology (network, routers…)
  • search
  • payment (online payment system)
  • platforms (storefronts, channels…)
  • logistics
  • productivity (tool that facilitate exchange of information)
  • legal
  • governance (rule, resource allocation, security, protocols)
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20
Q

eCommerce platform

A
  • IT solution to allow retailers to build storefronts or channels to present products to customers online
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21
Q

EU aim for eCommerce

A

EU aims to break down online barriers so that people can enjoy full access to good and services offered online by businesses in EU

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22
Q

eCommerce Directive 2000 (EU)

A
  • ensure legal certainty and consumer confidence
  • sets out rules to be followed by service providers (contracts, formalities, disputes)
  • limits liability of intermediaries
23
Q

Consumer Rights Act, 2015 (UK)

A
  • entitles consumers to repair or replacement of faulty digital products (films, music, games…)
24
Q

Electronic contracts

A
  • formed when an offer is accepted
  • displaying prices and products equates to an offer
  • if customer accepts the offer, then a legally-binding obligation is created
  • must sell product at the same price shown on website
  • supplier must provide goods within 30 days from payment
25
Q

Jurisdiction (EU)
B2C

A

jurisdiction in country of the consumer (unless specified in contract)

26
Q

Jurisdiction (EU)
B2C - Where to sue?

A

Consumer can sue supplier in own country

Supplier must go to consumer country to sue

27
Q

Jurisdiction (EU)
B2B - which juridiction?

A

usually specified in contract

otherwise, contract is under law where the supplier is legally registered

28
Q

Country of Origin Principle

A

ISPs have to comply with the law of the EU state in which they are legally registered

29
Q

Taxation, which country?

A

Direct tax due only in country where business is legally registered

Indirect Tax (VAT) - digital products considered as services. Depend on buyer and type of service

30
Q

Digital Single Market Strategy 2015 (EU)

A
  • better access for digital goods across EU
  • allow digital networks to flourish
  • grow digital economy
31
Q

Internet governance is concerned with

A
  • Infrastructure
  • Security
  • Intellectual property
  • development issues
32
Q

European Charter of Rights of Citizens in the Knowledge Society

A
  • promote internet access access for all
  • fundamental right to education
  • access to user-friendly public information
  • transparent public administration
33
Q

Cloud

A

collection of related technologies including:
- global connectivity
- virtualisation
- dynamic provision of CPU
- fully automated operations
- multi-tenancy

34
Q

Surveillance in the workplace is allowed when

A
  • avoid commercial liability
  • related to business
  • required to establish existence of facts
  • detect crime
  • comply with regulatory standards
  • investigation of unauthorised use of system
  • quality control and training
  • protection from virus / backup
35
Q

ICO recommendations for monitoring at work

A
  • employees are entitled to some privacy at work
  • monitoring only when there is a real business need
  • non intrusive methods
  • employee should be aware
  • Covert monitoring for crime detection/prevention only
  • monitoring done by HR, not direct manager
36
Q

Surveillance by the State

A
  • prevent crime
  • provide better public service
  • research
  • protect citizens
37
Q

Profession

A
  • specify training for members
  • controls entry
  • provides accreditation
  • specifies code of conduct
  • advisor on related matters
  • publicises good practice and new development
38
Q

Regulation of Profession in UK

A
  • Job title and/or job function can be reserved
39
Q

IT organisational models

A
  • Centralised
  • Distributed
  • Hybrid
40
Q

Development Life Cycle

A

Plan
Analyse
Design
Deploy

41
Q

Types of system development methodologies

A
  • Structured (waterfall)
  • Iterative (agile)
42
Q

Scope of GDPR

A
  • companies in EEA that process personal data
  • non-EU companies who process EU citizens data

exceptions:
- Law enforcement
- national security
- personal/household activities

43
Q

Personal Data

A
  • information relating to natural persons who can be identified directly or indirectly from combination with other data
  • special categories of personal data or criminal conviction and offences data
  • pseudoanonymised data
44
Q

Identifiers

A
  • data that allow to distinguish a person from other individuals
  • name, location data, IP address, cookie
45
Q

examples of personal data

A

biographical (DOB, phone, email)

look and appearance

workplace data

religion, political views, geo-tracking

  • mediacal history
46
Q

Special Category Data

A

race, ethnicity, politics, religion, health, sexual orientation

47
Q

Processing

A

obtaining, recording, holding data

organisation, adaptation, alteration of data

transmission, dissemination of data

alignment, combination, erasure of data

48
Q

Lawful basis for processing

A
  • consent to data controller
  • contract between individual and controller
  • legal obligation: processing is necessary for controller to comply with the law)
  • vital interest, protect life
  • public task
  • legitimate interest
49
Q

GDPR key principles

A
  • Lawfulness, fairness and transparency
  • Purpose limitation
  • Data minimisation
  • Accuracy
  • Storage limitation
  • Integrity and confidentiality (security)
  • Accountability
50
Q

Individual rights under GDPR

A
  • right to be informed
  • right of access
  • right to rectification
  • right to erasure
  • right to restrict processing
  • right to data portability
  • right to object
  • rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling
51
Q

how much time for organizations to report a data breach under GDPR

A

72 hrs

52
Q

Freedom of Information Act 2000

A
  • make public organisations more open and accountable
  • introduces “right to know”
53
Q

Absolute exemptions to FOI

A
  • information accessible by other means
  • security matters
  • court records
  • where it infringes parliamentary privileges
  • house of commons and house of lords information affecting public affair
  • information obtainable via GDPR/DPA
  • if it breaches data protection
  • information provided in confidence
  • when prohibited by an enactment, incompatible with EU obligations, would commit a contempt of court
54
Q

Qualified exemptions to FOI

A

Class based:
- intended for future publication
- related to Royal family
- related to conferring honours
Harm based:
- international relations
- economic interests of the UK
- law enforcement

PIC (2 decks)

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