PIC 1 Flashcards
IFR currency requirements
6 approaches to include a hold, intercept and track within the last 6 months or IPC
Required for flight (Personal documents)
Pilot Certificate
Medical Certificate
Photo ID (DL)
Radiotelephone Operator Permit (outside US)
Required for flight (Aircraft documents)
Airworthiness Certificate
Registration Certificate
Radio Station License (Outside US)
Operating limits and Info (POH)
Weight and Balance data
Taxi Brief
Assigned/planned runway
Route
Crossings and hold short instructions
Hot spots and Hazards (NOTAMS, closed taxi/runways)
Aircraft Maintenance Inspection Frequency
VOR check
Annual
Altimeter and static system
Transponder
ELT
VOR- 30 days
Annual 12 months
Altimeter and static system - 24 months
Transponder - 24 months
ELT - 12 months, after 1 hour of use or 50 % of useful life
Preflight IFR required info
NOTAMS
Weather - reports and forecasts
Known delays
Runway lengths of intended use
Alternatives available
Fuel requirements
Takeoff and landing performance data
IFR minimum fuel requirements
to destination
Plus most distant alternate
Plus 45 minutes at normal cruise
When is an alternate required?
If:
1 hour before or 1 hour after ETA
Ceiling is not at least 2000 ft above airport
Visibility is not at least 3 SM
Minimum weather conditions at alternates
Precision - 600 and 2 SM
Non Precision - 800 and 2 SM
No instrument approach - ceiling and visibility must allow descent from MEA approach and landing under VFR
RNaV is considered NP for alternates
Departure Procedures ensure obstacle clearance if….
35 ft AGL and departure end of runway
Reach 400 ft AGL before turning
Climbs at least 200 feet per NM or about 270 FPM
Minimum IFR altitudes
Prescribed for flown segment or
For xxx for Mountainous areas
XXX for non mountainous areas
Mountain - 2000 ft above highest obstacle within 4 NM
Non Mountain - 1000 ft above highest obstacle within 4 NM
DA/H
DA/H - Decision Height - Height above runway threshold in IP Pilot must decide to land or go around
MCA
Min Crossing Altitude
Lowest altitude at which a nav fix can be crossed entering or continuing on an airway. Obstacles
MDA
Min Descent Altitude - Lowest altitude above runway threshold to which descent is authorized on Non Precision approach until pilot has visual runway references
MEA
Min Enroute Altitude - Lowest published alt. between radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements.
MOCA
Min Obstruction Clearance Altitude - Provides obstacle clearance and nag. coverage up to 22 NM of VOR
MRA
Min Reception Altitude
Lowest altitude on an airway segment where assured of receiving nav aid reception
MTA
Min. Turning Altitude - Gives Vert. and lat obstacle clearance in turns over certain fixes. (denoted as MCA X icon)
MVA
Min. Vectoring Altitude - Lowest altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller
OROCA
Off Route Obstacle Clearance Altitude - Provides obstructions clearance with a 1000 ft buffer (2000 ft in mountains)
Pressure Altitude
Altitude at 29.92 (Used above 18000 ft
Density Altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temp (used for performance calculations)
True Altitude
Actual altitude above Mean Sea Level
Absolute Altitude
Height above airport elevation
VFR Day Minimum Equipment
Altimeter
Tach
Oil temp indicator
Manifold Pressure gauge
Airspeed Indicator
Temp Gauge -Liquid cooled engines
Oil Pressure gauge
Fuel Quantity Gauge (for each tank)
Landing gear position lights (retract)
Anticollision lights (a/c after !996)
Magnetic compass
ELT
Safety belt
VFR Night Minimum Equipment
Fuses
Landing light
Anticollision lights
Position lights
Source of electrical power (Battery)
IFR Minimum Equipment
IFR Day = VFR day +
IFR Night = VFR day + VFR night +
Generator/alternator
Radios
Altimeter (Adjustable for baro. pressure)
Ball (Slip/slid indicator)
Clock
Attitude Indicator
Rate of Turn Indicator
Directional Gyro (Heading Indicator)
VOR checks
Every 30 days
VOT +/- 4 degrees
VOR Airborne - +/- 6 degrees
Dual VOR cross check +/- 4 degrees
Above prominent landmark - Selected radial at least 20 NM from VOR +/- 6 degrees
Need Date, Error, Place and signature
Localizer
Provides lateral guidance
Between 3 and 6 degrees
Width at threshold is 700 Feet
2.5 degree full deflection on either side
Glideslope
Provides vertical guidance
1.4 degrees
0.7 degrees full deflection either side
Up to 10 NM
Slope typically 3 degrees
How many satellites are required for GPS Nav?
5 - 4 plus an altimeter input
Mandatory reports under IFR
Missed Approach
Airspeed +/- 10 knots
Reaching a holding fix
VFR on top when altitude changes are made
ETA changed +/- 2 minutes
Leaving a holding fix
Outer marker
Unforcasted weather
Safety of flight issue
Vacating an altitude
Final Approach fix
Radio/nave/approach equip. failure
Compulsory reporting points
500 - unable to clime/decent 500FPM
Position reporting items required in non radar enviornment
Aircraft ID
Position
Time
Altitude
Type of Flight plan
ETA and name of next reporting fix
Name of next succeeding point along route of flight
Fly the highest of…
Minimum altitude prescribed for IFR
Expected
Assigned (last assigned by ATC)
Select the route by….
Assigned route if none
Vectored (Fly to fix.route.airwayt last vectored to)
Expected route by ATC
Filed route
Class A requirements
18000 feet to 60000 ft
IFR only
Class B requirements
Usually surface to 10000 ft. around busiest airports
2 way radio comms. Must be cleared into bravo
ATC must grant clearance before entering
3 SM vis. Clear of Clouds
Class C requirements
5 NM radius up to 4000 ft above airport
2 way radio comms
3 152 - 3 SM vis, 1000 ft above, 500 ft below, 2000 ft horizontal.
Class D requirements
Surface to 2500 ft above airport, 4 NM radius
Two way comm
3 - 152
Class E requirements
May be associated with an airport or transitions from an airport
Requires Mode C and ADSB Out above 10000 ft, except at or below 2500 AGL
Below 10000 ft - 3 152
Above 10000 ft - 5-111
Class G requirements
Uncontrolled airspace
Above 10000 ft and 1200 AGL - 5-111
Below 10000 ft but Above 1200 ft
Day - 1-152
Night - 3-152
Below 1200 ft -
Day - 1 SM, clear of clouts
Night - 3-152
Speed limits
Above 10000 ft
Below 10000 ft
Under Class B
At or below 2500 ft within 4 NM of Class C or D airport
Above 10000 - Mach 1
Below 10000 ft - 250 knots
Under Class B - 200 knots
At or below 2500 ft within 4 NM of Class C or D airport- 200 Its.
ATIS
Automatic Terminal Information Service
Updated hourly (55 min past the hour) unless special update needed
ASOS
Automated Surface Observation System
Updated hourly
AWOS
Automated Weather Observation System
Updated every minute
AIRMETS
T -moderate turbulence (winds 30 knots or greater) an non convective wind shear
Z - Moderate icing - gives freezing levels
S - IFR conditions and mountain obscurations
SIGMETS
Non scheduled inflight advisory
Servere icing (not with T storms)
Severe or extreme turbulence (No T storms)
Dust Storms, Sandstorms
Convective SIGMET
Convective weather
-Severe thunderstorms
-Tornados
-Embedded t storms
Line of t storms at least 50 miles long
Three conditions required for a thunderstorm
Water vapor
Unstable temp lapse rate
Uplifting force
Three stages of a thunderstorm
Cumulus
Mature
Dissipating
Types of fog
Radiation
Advection
Ice
Upslope/Adiabatic
Steam
RADIATION - calm clear nights, ground cools quickly used to release of ground radiation
ADVECTION - Warm moist air moves over cold surface. Winds required
ICE - Temp far below freezing. Vapor turns directly to ice.
UPSLOPE - Moist stable air forced up terrain and cooled dow by adiabatic cooling
STEAM - Cold dry air moves over warm water
What causes hyperventilation
Excessive CO2 is eliminated from the body from breathing too rapidly.
LIFR
IFR
MVFR
VFR
Ceiling Visibility
LIFR - less than 500 ft less than 1 SM
IFR 500 to 1000 AGL 1 SM to less than 3 SM
MVFR 1000 to 3000 AGL 3 to 5 SM
VFR Greater than 3000 Greater than 5 SM
Going missed procedure
- Press GO AROUND button
- Pitch up 7 degrees to command bars
- Full throttle
- Establish positive rate of climb
- Hit Nav button (or heading if vectored)
- Hit FLC and set climb to 80 its
- Above 800 feet engage Autopilot
