Piaget Flashcards

1
Q

What did Piaget propose?

A

A constructivist theory
That children are active learners who construct their own knowledge through interacting with the environment
They make a hypotheses and test them

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2
Q

What are the four stages that all typically developing children go through?

A

1) Sensorimotor
2) Pre-operational
3) Concrete Operational
4) Formal Operational

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3
Q

What do children need to do to go through the stages?

A

Organise schemas more and more proficiently

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4
Q

What are schemas?

A

Mental representations of sets of rules than enable children to interact with their world through defining a particular category of behaviour, they develop through experience and become more complex with development

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5
Q

How do they change their schema?

A

Through the dual process of assimilation and accommodation

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6
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The integration of new input into existing schemas, leading to more consolidated knowledge

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7
Q

What is accommodation?

A

The adjustment of schemas to new input, leading to growing and changing knowledge

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8
Q

When does the sensorimotor stage of development take place?

A

0 - 2 years, very egocentric

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9
Q

What are the key milestones of the sensorimotor stage?

A
  1. Object permanence - this develops at the end of their first year, enabling the development of …
  2. Mental representations - the building blocks of pretend play and memory
  3. Self-awareness - can be tested in the rouge test
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10
Q

When does the pre-operational stage take place (including the sub-stages)?

A

2 - 7 years
Pre-conceptual sub-stage: 2- 4 years
Intuitive thought sub-stage: 4 - 7 years

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11
Q

What are the key milestones of the pre-conceptual sub-stage?

A
  1. Egocentrism reduces
  2. Mentally represent ideas and objects enabling simple pretend play
  3. Reduction in animism - the idea that if it moves its alive
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12
Q

What are the key milestones of the intuitive though sub-stage?

A
  1. Children develop symbolic thought
  2. They understand the same object can be different sizes
  3. Able to systematically order and classify items
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13
Q

What is conservation?

A

While the appearance of items may change the number or amount stay the same
Children in the pre-operational stage don’t have this skill for liquids and solids

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14
Q

When does the concrete operational stage take place?

A

7 - 12 years

They become more flexible and are able to focus on more than one thing at a time

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15
Q

What are the key milestones of the concrete operational stage?

A

Metacognition begins to develop
They can conserve, classify and categorise in multiple domains
They understand reversibility
Start to grasp cause-effect relations
Their thinking is still concrete not abstract

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16
Q

What is reversibility?

A

Since only the appearance of items has changed, this change can be made undone.
In any transformation on these tasks, the number/mass has remained constant

17
Q

When does the formal operational stage take place?

A

12+ years

18
Q

What happens in the formal operational stage?

A

This is when children become able to reason hypothetically

They can reason with verbal hypothesis and deduce conclusions from abstract statements

19
Q

What are some influences and implications of Piaget’s research?

A

Gave us some of the first insights into children’s minds
Had a huge impact on education - supporting children centred learning which led educators to focus on play and see children as active learners
Many of his findings have been replicated with new methods

20
Q

What are some limitations of Piaget’s theory?

A

The stages aren’t all accurate, some might develop at a later/earlier stage
Some of the tasks were too advanced and might underestimate children’s skills
The idea that children cannot and should not be taught something if they are not yet at that stage has been disputed
Infants may be able to form mental representations as they can imitate previous actions
They can pass egocentrism tasks when the materials change
Conservation can be achieved earlier when task instructions are simplified