Piaget Flashcards
What is Piaget’s theory called?
Cognitive-developmental theory
What are the stages of Piaget’s theory?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational
What age is the sensorimotor stage?
birth-2y
What age is the Preoperational stage?
2-7
What age is the Concrete operational stage?
7-12
What age is the Formal operational stage?
12 onward
Name the 6 substages of the sensorimotor stage, and their properties
Reflexive schemes 0-1m, - innate reflexes
Primary circular reactions 4-10m, coordination between senses, new experiences are repeated, typically internal/self centred actions. Thumb sucking
Secondary circular reactions 4-10m, external world awareness expands, grasping/reaching, intentional interacting with environment
Coordination of secondary schemes 10-12m, schemes combine to achieve goals, start to solve object permanence problem
Tertiary circular reactions 12-18m, walking + search for novelty, causality is discovered, experiment to test causality, curiosity and problem solving
Beginning of thought 18-24m Enduring representations are able to be formed, deferred imitation (mimicking/copying, facilitated by mirror neurons), Enduring mental representations stops the trial-error method of behaviour, engage in simple pretend play - symbolic (bosco, 2006)
What is symbolic function?
preoperational substage, children acquire the ability to mentally represent objects that are not physically present. (e.g. Language is symbolic function)
What/when is the Intuitive substage?
4-7yrs, shift in reasoning, classification and order systematically, but are unaware of the principles of this behaviour. Based on perception and intuition, not rational. Fail seriation (ordering) tasks as the rationale of a>b>c>d is not present. Considerations of memory capacity, mental operation level, when clear instructions are given, children can grasp transitive inference.
When (stage) does pretend play begin?
concrete operational stage, 7-12
What is egocentrism (and what study)?
the 3 mountains task
It is when there is no external perspective, the world is cantered around the individual
BONUS: the age (7-12) is refuted by Borke (1975) who found 3 year olds can produce accurate results if the experiment is simplified
What is Animism (and what stage)?
Concrete Operational
Animism is the term used to describe animate/inanimate objects, in this context animism is feelings and emotions within inanimate objects.
BONUS: Farah and Rabinowitz (2003) found that this distinction can be found very early, possible an innate ability.
What is Rational imitation?
Mimicry of a behaviour, but acting on the intention not the observed behaviour, e.g. turning a light off with your head because your hands are full = no replication, with empty hands = replication, as there is no rational to be doing it differently, so it is copied.
This supports the perception shift from egocentrism to a more whole perspective, “if they did it that way, it was for a reason).
BONUS: this can be seen in animals.
ULTRABONUS: Vaish 2009 showed children as young as 18 mths can display empathy when strangers are in painful situations but showing no emotion.
What is “theory of mind”?
Understanding the link between desire/urges and actions, “I am hungry so I eat”, in self and others
What is Transitive inference?
If a>b>c>d then a>d. Using statements to extrapolate/infer information
Bryant + Trabasso 1971 found 4 year olds can, however, was it just memorising order rather than extrapolation?
