PI FINAl Flashcards
1
Q
What is a Reconstruction Aide?
A
During WW1 women were hired to perform hydrotherapy, mechanotherapy, electrotherapy, exercise, and massage for soldiers
2
Q
Which institution was the original APTA?
A
The American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association (AWPTA) and was started by the first rehab aide sworn into service during WW!
3
Q
Which military branches employ physical therapists?
A
Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, and Coast Guard
4
Q
Which section of the APTA supports PTs for the military?
A
Federal PT Section
5
Q
How many PTs and PTAs does the VA hospital system currently employ?
A
over 1500 PTs and 370 PTAs
6
Q
In the year _____, the _____ (branch of the military) began utilizing physical therapists as primary care providers.
A
1971; Army
7
Q
How much higher was the return-to-duty rate in military patients who used a physical therapist as their primary care provider opposed to a physician?
A
50% higher
8
Q
What are some added duties that a military PT has that a civilian PT does not?
A
Ordering diagnostic imaging, prescribing certain medications, enacting duty limitations, and acting as primary care provider via direct access
9
Q
Do military PTs go through extra training beyond traditional PT school?
A
Yes
10
Q
When did physical therapy cross-over to the civilian population?
A
early 1900’s with the polio epidemic and outbreak of war in Germany in 1917
11
Q
What year was the APTA established?
A
1921
12
Q
What does CAPTE stand for?
A
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
13
Q
T/F: Accreditation is a voluntary process.
A
True, but it is very difficult and the sites must achieve candidacy status first before they are considered
14
Q
Do clinical instructors have to be certified?
A
Yes via Credentialed Clinical Instructor Program (CCIP) or Advanced Credentialed Clinical Instructor Program (ACCIP)
15
Q
T/F: Continuing education is not required.
A
False, state practice act requires continuing education
16
Q
Who regulates the standards and certifies CE courses?
A
APTA
17
Q
What is the difference between continuing education and continued competency?
A
The options of activities are different and the intent of activities
18
Q
Why is continued competency important?
A
It is required to renew your PT license,
19
Q
What were the name transitions of the APTA?
A
1921: AWPTA (president Mary McMillan)
1922: American Physiotherapy Association (APA) - Men are now included
1940’s: APTA
20
Q
What is the role of the House of Delegates?
A
Establish APTA policies
21
Q
Which part of the APTA manages the whole association?
A
The Board of Directors
22
Q
Where do APTA membership dues go towards?
A
Lobbying, developing outcomes for EBP, PTNow, “Move Forward” Campaign, informing of latest PT issues, operating budget
23
Q
What percentage of PTs are members of the APTA?
A
30%
24
Q
How are students involved in leadership of the APTA?
A
Student Assembly Board of Directors, Core Ambassadors, Project Committees (8), Student SIG, Student Assembly Liaisons
25
What is the length of 1 term for a Board of Directors member?
3 years
26
How many terms can a board member serve?
No more than 3 consecutive terms on the Board of Directors, and no more than 2 consecutive terms in the same position
27
How often do elections occur?
Annually during the House of Delegates
28
Who is responsible for vote during elections?
Chapter delegates
29
T/F: A nominee must be a PT member of the APTA in good standing for 5 years.
True
30
What is the makeup of the House of Delegates?
Voting chapter delegates, non-voting delegates, consultants
31
What is the role of the 51 chapters of the APTA?
Provide regional support, advocacy for consumers/practitioners, hold events/professional development opportunities, provide networking in the area
32
Does everyone belong to a chapter?
Yes, if you are a member of the APTA you are part of a chapter
33
How are chapters governed?
By bylaws
34
How many chapter meetings are there per year?
2
35
What are the key positions of the chapters?
President (3 years)
Chief Delegate (2 years)
Vice President
36
How many sections are there?
18
37
Which is the largest section? And smallest?
Orthopedic; Federal Physical Therapy
38
How are sections governed?
By its own elected Board of Directors (also has a section president-govern all activities, house of delegates, task forces and committees)
39
Why were sections originally created?
For promotion and development of the professions specific objectives
40
What were the first two sections created?
The School (1945) and Private Practice sections (1955)
41
How is a section formed?
Petition (200+ members willing to join the section, purpose of the section), Majority vote by Board of Directors, Majority vote by House of Delegates
42
T/F: There are only special interest groups (SIGs) available for the chapters.
False, there are SIGs for Chapters and Sections.
43
How many areas of specialization are there?
8
44
Which organization regulates specialization within PT?
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (created in 1979)
45
What are the requirements to become a certified specialist?
Licensure, 2000+ hours of direct patient care with specific population or residency completed, fees ($1315)
46
How long are certificates valid for?
10 years
47
Do you have to be an APTA special section member to become a certified specialist?
No
48
What is a residency?
A clinical or nonclinical program to prepare a licensed PT to become a specialist
49
What is a fellowship?
A continuing program for those who completed a residency, is a board certified specialist, or possesses clinical skills within the area
50
How long is a residency?
Minimum of 1500 hours, 9-36 months
51
How long is a fellowship?
Minimum of 1000 hours, 6-36 months
52
What is referral for profit?
A financial relationship between a physical therapist and a physician where the physician refers a pt to PT and then derives financial benefit from the PT services provided
53
What are 3 examples of referral for profit?
Physician has ownership over the PT practice he refers to (POPT), a physician employs or contracts w/ PTs, a physicians income/bonus is directly/indirectly tied to revenues of PT service
54
What is Stark Law?
Laws implemented in 1989-2007: Governs physician self-referral for Medicare and Medicaid
3 provisions to ban self-referrals for clinical lab services and other health services
55
What are the advantages of working in a POPTS clinic?
Ease of referrals, a team environment, competitive compensation
56
Drawbacks of working at a POPTS clinic?
Legal issues, future job insecurity (IOAS exception may be eliminated), potential conflicts of interest, autonomy of PT profession
57
What organization is currently fighting back against RFP/POPTS?
Alliance for Integrity in Medicare
58
What is the PT's role in primary care?
Participate in primary care teams, provide pt management in primary care in conjunction with referrals to necessary providers
59
When was the first DPT program implemented?
1995
60
What is the difference between DPT and Masters programs?
DPT clinical hours=1431 compared to MPT=513, DPT is more evidence-based
61
How long is the education for a PTA?
2 years
62
What does PTA stand for?
Physical Therapist Assistant
63
T/F: Medicare is direct access today.
True, they do not need a physician referral, but they need authorization (POC signature) within 30 days of start of care
64
When does a POC need to be recertified?
90 days from initial visit, or if revision of long-term goals occur
65
What are 3 important considerations for post-fracture care with PTs?
Regional interdependence, m activation strategies, intensity of training programs
66
What is the group that oversees PT licensure?
Federation of State Boards
67
When was the first national physical therapy exam?
1954
68
T/F: There is a single standard passing score on the PT exam today.
True
69
What are some of the benefits of having a national PT exam?
Protects public interest, ensures competency nationwide with uniform standards, comparable from jurisdiction to jurisdiction
70
How many test dates are there per year?
4
71
What is a passing score on the national exam?
600+
72
T/F: If you score below a 400 twice on the national exam you cannot take it again.
True
73
Can you transfer NPTE scores can be transferred state to state?
Yes
74
Who regulates the licensure requirements?
Individual state regulatory boards
75
What is the purpose of the jurisprudence exam?
To ensure all licensed PTs and PTAs are familiar with the state's laws and rules
76
What is the interstate Physical Therapy Licensure Compact?
A compact to reduce regulatory barriers to interstate mobility and cross-state practice
77
Is it possible to practice PT prior to passing the NPTE?
Yes, using a provisional license that expires 120 days after it's issued
78
In most countries financing and delivery of healthcare is in the ____ sector. In the US, it can be _____, public, or mixed.
public; private
79
What is a third party in terms of insurance providers?
The employer/employee, health plan, and provider. The health plan pays the provider.
80
What are the 4 modes of health care financing in US?
Out of pocket, individual private insurance, employment based group insurance, government (social insurance - Medicaid for everyone over 65 yo)
81
Which of the following is a fixed payment amount: co-insurance or co-payment?
Co-payment
82
Where is the greatest source of money coming from in regards to sectors of insurance?
Employer and individual private insurance
83
Where is the largest amount of money going to in terms of healthcare services?
Hospitals
84
Why is medicare a controversial program in terms of how it is maintained financially?
It is a public welfare program in which everyone pays the same percentage of their income towards. 1.4% of $125,000 or 1.4% of 1 million.
85
Which type of insurance plan keeps the insurance company and providers under the same room?
HMO's (example: Kaiser - pay kaiser your premium and get your healthcare from them)
86
How much of the original income does a person who is on worker's comp receive during their recovery time?
66%, covers medical costs, and cash replacement of lost wages
87
Name two social health insurance entitlements.
Worker's compensation and medicare
88
Where does funding for medicare part a come from?
Social security withholding taxes
89
How long can a person with medicare part a stay within a hospital without having to either pay out of pocket or buy other insurance for coverage?
0-60 days: $0, 61-90 days: $296/day, 91-150 days: $592/day
90
What is medicare part B?
Supplementary medical insurance: covers physicians, supplies, diagnostic test, home health, out-pt services
91
What is the difference between medicare and medicaid?
Medicaid is not an entitlement, only those who pay into it get it, or if you are in poverty. (low income families with kids, elderly/disabled/blind, children under 6 and pregnant women under 133% FPL, children 6-18 at or below FPL
92
What does SCHIP stand for?
State Child Health Insurance Program
93
What is indemnity?
A traditional health insurance plan (to secure from loss), uses co-insurance (fixed percentage)
94
What is the definition of Self Insurance?
Funded by the employer, uses third party administrators, saves the employer money by not giving it all to the insurance company
95
What is a community rating?
Every person of a certain age and certain gender living in an area pay the same amount for a premium, it doesn't change
96
What is a PPO?
A program that offers a discounted fee structure in exchange for granting a provider "preferred" status to give to the consumer
97
What is an EPO?
An exclusive provider, more restrictive but greater discounts than an EPO
98
What is a DRG?
Diagnosis related group, the service provider gets paid the same amount for whatever services are provided to treat a specific diagnosis (doesn't change if more or less treatment is given
99
What is capitation?
Patient pays per month independent of usage, if many patients don't get services the company makes a lot of money or vice versa
100
What is the most risk fee payment plan for providers?
Fee for service
101
Which are the two riskiest payment plans for the provider?
Capitation and global budget
102
What is supervisory style?
Leadership style refers to predominant patters of behavior associated with a given person, role, or school
103
Mentoring can be described as a set of _______ that operate in a relationship rather than as a set of _____ ______ possessed by the mentor/
Behaviors; innate abilities
104
What is McGregor's Theory X?
Assumes employees dislike work, avoids responsibility, must be coerced to do the job, enjoys being directed.
105
What is McGregor's Theory Y?
Assumes employee enjoys work, it is natural, they seek responsibility, capable of self motivation/self direction
106
What is autocratic leadership?
Authoritarian, dictatorial, close supervision with clear directions and no employee initiative, efficient but least efficient and desirable
107
What is bureaucratic leadership?
Similar to autocratic, based in institutional rules and regulation, little employee freedom
108
What is participative/democratic leadership?
Opposite to autocratic, collaborative as a team with manager holding final decision, makes full use of employee talents
109
What is laissez-faire leadership?
Free rein leadership, individuals are self motivated, manager acts as consultant, can lead to chaos/self directed will excel
110
What are 4 factors that influence style?
1. work assignment, 2. personality and ability of employee, 3. attitude of the employee toward supervisor, 4. personality and ability of supervisor
111
What are the 3 stages of clinical education models?
1. Evaluation feedback stage: little competence, passive role of student
2. Transitional stage: collaborative, shared responsibility of decision making
3. Self supervision stage: consultation stage, peers, self-analyze and request
112
T/F: Physical therapy is a term not a title, meaning it is not protected.
True
113
What are the 3 models of PTA programs?
Integrated 2-Year, One Plus One, One-Half Plus One-and-a-Half
114
How many people can a PT supervise at one time?
4 (doesn't include SPT or SPTA)
115
What is the Delegation of Duties rule 1a?
A PT who performs an initial exam and eval shall be the therapist on the pt's record and takes full responsibility of that pt.
116
What is the difference between rule 1b for state and APTA?
The delegation of unlicensed persons for delivery of service is up to the PT, BUT APTA is more structured in rules of what services can be delegated.
117
What is rule 1c?
PT must personally perform and cannot delegate to unlicensed individuals the interpretation of referrals, initial exams, evals, diagnosis, prognosis, development/mod of POC, discharge criteria and supervision of all care rendered.
118
What is rule 1d?
Wound debridement can only be done by a licensed PT, a PTA can perform soft or non-selective wound debridement.
119
Is a PTA allowed to supervise other personnel to provide services to patient?
No
120
T/F: A PT must be on site for all GENERAL direction and supervision.
False, must at least be available by telecommunication.
121
What is direct supervision?
The PT is physical present and immediately available for direction and supervision.
122
T/F: Under medicare, general supervision is required for all PTAs in all settings except private practice, which requires direct supervision.
True
123
What is a statute?
A type of law enacted and established by the legislative branch of government.
124
What is the difference between licensure and certification?
Certification is similar to licensure but w/o designation of a separate scope of practice, does have title protection
125
What is common law?
Law by judges, created by court decisions, written by judges and handed down
126
What is the difference between criminal law and civil law?
Criminal law is the violation of duties that the imdivid owes to the community (fines, probation, incarceration), civil law is private wrongs and remedies (lawsuits, payment of damages, cannot lose license)
127
What is negligence?
The failure to act as a reasonably prudent person.
128
What is malpractice?
Failure to act as a reasonably prudent member of your profession (another professional would have to testify stating you didn't follow common practice)
129
What is vicarious liability?
Employer is liable for negligence of employees doing professional duties
130
What is the difference between policy and procedure?
Policy is a decision which obligates certain action, procedure is the actions required to implement the policy
131
What are key aspects of risk management?
Malpractice ins, policy and procedure manuals, audits/reviews, inservice training
132
What are 3 purposes of a pt's record?
Clinical documentation, business document, legal document
133
What are the components of an incident report?
When, where, what (DO NOT ADMIT LIABILITY)
