P.I

Question 0

Abraham Lincoln

What were some of his ideas?

Answer 0

• “no man is good enough to govern another man, without that other’s consent” comes from a speech of 1854
• argued against rights of states to maintain own laws, by contesting that the foundation of the United States on the right to individual liberty overrode the right to “self-government.”
• republic was built on liberty and equality, not political convenience or as a compromise among states that retained their own authority.
• Lincoln previously argued against extending slavery, but not abolishing it.
• speech become leading role of Norene states for the civil war
• Lincoln’s message became more radical and led to the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the outlawing of slavery across the United States in 1865

Question 1

Karl Marx
What were some of Karl Marx’s ideas?
What were some books he published?
(Hint one book was we it ten with another person)

Answer 1

-Work has the potential to become one of the most fulfilling of all human activities.
-Under capitalism the worker is alienated from the products that he or she creates, for it is only considered as a means to an end because of the existence of private property.
-Communism resolves tension if alienation of the worker by abolishing private property and solves the conflict between man and nature, and between human beings, and in doing so reconnects man to his fundamental humanity.
-Historical developments are determined by “material”-or economic-factors.
Material economic factors were that fundamental determinant, and therefore the motor, of history.
-As the forces of production develop under capitalism,mThe suffering of workers becomes obvious, and history moves inevitably toward revolution and the ushering in of communism to replace it.
Books:
1844 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts
1848 Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels)
1867 Capital Volume 1 (volumes 2 and 3 published 1885 and 1894,posthumously)

Question 2

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 1809-1865
What were some of his ideas?
What book(s) did he publish?

Answer 2

• Made assertion that property is theft at the time when many in France felt frustrated by the outcomes of the revolutions of the previous few decades.
• Rights to liberty, equality, and security were natural, absolute, and inviolable and were the very basis of society.
• apparent right to property were not the same as these.
• property was undermine these fun elemental rights: while the liberty of the rich and the poor can coexist, the property of the wealthy sets alongside the poverty of the many.
• property was inherently antisocial

Books
1840 What is property? ten years had passed since the 1839 revolution

Question 3

Alexander Herzen 1812-1870
What was his idea?
What book(s) or essays did he publish?

Answer 3

-By 1850,in the later essays, Herzen believed that real revolutionary favor had been dampened, and. Betrayed by a more conservative vision of reform.
-In one essay he lampooned the republican celebrations held in France in September 1848. He argued that beneath the pomp and slogans, the “old Catholic-feudal order” remedied intact. Claimed that this had prevented realization of the authentic ideal of revolution-true liberty for all. Many liberals who proffered to support revolution were scarred of its logical conclusion-the sweeping away of the old order entirely.
-Herzen claimed at they daughter freedom for their own circle, not for the worker with the “axe and blackened hands.”
-the architects of the republic had broken the chains, but left the prison walls standing, making them “assassins of freedom.”
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Essays
1848 From the Other Shore, year of the failed revolutions in Europe
Contained images of ships sailing for new lands that run into gales and storms, reps resenting hopes and uncertainties of the time.