Phyysiology Of Respiration

Question 1

Muscles of respiration

Answer 1

س٧

Question 2

Pao2 also is proportional to the

Answer 2

1/fraction of inspired oxygen.
2/ the water vapor pressure
3/the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveolus

Question 3

at high lung volumes, however, the……… also recoils inward .

Answer 3

chest wall

Question 4

Intrapulmonary pressure

1/During Quiet breath:

2/During Forced breath:

Answer 4

• +/- 3 mmHg

•+/- 20-30 mm Hg intrapulmonary pressure

Question 5

Diffusion in the alveoli is depending on …………

Answer 5

Fick’s law

Question 6

Conducting zone
•Warms and humidifies until inspired air becomes:

Answer 6

•37 degrees
•Saturated with water vapor

Question 7

The ………… main bronchus has a predilection for foreign body impaction because it is wider

Answer 7

right

Question 8

Conducting zone is until

Answer 8

Terminal bronchioles =16th generation

Question 9

لةكوراو تةواو بوون :-

1/غضروف
2/خلية قوبليت
3/SM

Answer 9

لةلاي اول برونشيول

Terminal bronchiole

Respiratory bronchiole

Question 10

Along their courses, the bronchial vessels anastomose with the pulmonary……… circulation and continue as far as the alveolar duct.

Answer 10

arterial

هردگیان خریکه خوین ارا رئه بةن
شریاني / كاملا پيس
برونشيال /كاملا پاك مع غذائيش

Question 11

Spirometry

•Breathe into a closed system, with

Answer 11

Air
water
moveable bell

Question 12

Lung volumes capacities

Answer 12

س٤٣

Question 13

Tidal volume at quite breath
Dead space =1/3 Tidal volume

Answer 13

500 ml

150 ml

Question 14

Total minute volume:

Answer 14

tidal x breaths/min
500 x 12 = 6 L/min

•Exercise: even 200 L/min!

Question 15

the most you can actually ever expire, with forced inspiration and expiration.

Answer 15

Vital capability

اقصى ما يمكن أن يتحرك

Question 16

Restrictive disorder:

محدود كننده ى عمل ريه

Answer 16

•Vital capacity is reduced.

•Less air in lungs.

Question 17

مقارنة مابين ضغوط الغازات في الهواء الحويصلي والهواء المتنفس

O2 +N2

CO2

Answer 17

زياتر في الهواء المتنفس

زياتر في الهوء الحويصلي

Question 18

P02 in alveolar air ~ = P02 in blood.

طبق قانون ………

Answer 18

هنري

Question 19

مدى تنظيم ضغوط الغازات

O2

CO2

Answer 19

40-100mmHg

40-46mmHg

Question 20

The binding (association/dissociation curve) is NOT linear, it is rather a …………shaped) curve.

Answer 20

sigmoid (S

Question 21

Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Shift to right when =لةتراكيز زياتر اوكسجين يلا لة هيموگلوبين جياوة بوود

Answer 21

👆(Temperature + CO2 + 2,3BPG) + 👇pH

Question 22

Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

Shift to left when

لةتراكيز كةمتر اوكسجين ، اوكسجينةگة لة هيموگلوبين جياوة بوود

Answer 22

👇Temperature+ CO2 +2,3BPG

👆Met Hb+HbF +CO+pH

Question 23

Alveolar ventilation depends on

Answer 23

1/Rate and depth of breathing
2/Airway resistance
3/lung compliance

Question 24

Oxygen diffusion between alveoli +blood depends on

1/surface area
2/diffusion distance which depends on………+………

Answer 24

Membrane thickness + amount of interstitial fluid

Question 25

Important things to consider during formation of bicarbonate in RBCs

Plasma

Answer 25

۱/زيادبووني آيون هايدروجين يعني ترشيتي

٢/تا بيكاربوناتةگة دةربچد لة خروكة قرمزةگة وبادة پلاسما ،كلور لةجياتي چدة ناو /يعني كلور پلاسما كةمةو بوود

1/H👆

2/Cl👇

Question 26

peripheral and central chemoreceptors

Answer 26

•Peripheral in the carotid and aortic bodies

•Central in the medulla oblongata

Question 27

Regulation of ventilation :-
Responding to O2

Responding to CO2

Medullary receptors also receive from peripheral receptors via CN 9+10

Answer 27

س٦١
س٦٢

النقطة المهمة هي ان ثاني اوكسيد الكربون يزداد في السائل النخاعي ايضا

Question 28

Rhythmic ventilation is due to spontaneously discharging neurons

Answer 28

Pre-Bötzinger complex (pacemaker) At VRG

Question 29

Higher brain centers PRG including …………and ………… integrate sensory input from…………and influence activity of the medullary neurons……………and…………

Answer 29

1/ Apneustic + pneumotaxic
2/chemoreceptors in nucleus of tractus solitarius
3/DRG+VRG

Question 30

Apneustic centre ……………the DRG ,While Pneumotaxic centre ……………it

Answer 30

Stimulate to make deep breathing
Inhibit it so control rate of breathing

Question 31

Maintains constant breathing rhythm at rest (quite breathing)

Called inspiration centre

Answer 31

DRG
Output via Intercostal nerves + phrenic nerves

Question 32

VRG

Answer 32

Forced breathing (inspiration+expiration).