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BIOL 335 Lab Exam > Phytoplankton > Flashcards

Phytoplankton Flashcards

1
Q

Anabaena (Dolichospernum)

A
  1. Cyanobacteria: prokaryotic and photosynthetic
  2. Nitrogen fixers, use heterocysts
  3. Phytoplankton
  4. Filamentous structure allows this taxon to float in the photic zone
  5. Resting cells called akinetes allow cyanobacteria to overwinter
  6. Can produce neurotoxins to protect colonies from zooplankton grazing
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2
Q

Asterionella

A
  1. Diatom
  2. Flat, star-like colonies allow them to float in the photic zone of still waters
  3. Non-motile
  4. Phytoplankton
  5. Cell walls (frustules) are made of silica. Each frustule is made up of two valves that join together like a petri dish
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3
Q

Pediastrum

A
  1. Chlorophyte (green algae)
  2. Phytoplankton
  3. Non-motile; flat colonies float. “Horns” help with buoyancy but also are an anti-predation mechanism
  4. Reproduce sexually or asexually
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4
Q

Ceratium

A
  1. Dinoflagellate
  2. Phytoplankton
  3. Armoured plates, 2 flagella and a horn
  4. Mixotrophic: autotrophy (photosynthesis) and phagotrophy
  5. Motile and perform diel migration
  6. Can form blooms that cause taste and odour issues in fresh water
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5
Q

Phytoplankton

A
  1. Non-motile phytoplankton have morphological adaptations that allow them to float in the photic zone
  2. Water quality and production can often be inferred by examining the seasonal succession of phytoplankton, including both the algal species present and their biomass.
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6
Q

Oligotrophic, Nutrient-Poor Lakes

A
  1. Rhodomonas

2. Chrysococcus

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7
Q

Eutrophic Lakes

A
  1. Tend to have higher numbers of blue-green algae such as Anabaena, Oscillatoria, and Merismopedia
  2. Green algae such as Chlamydomonas, Tetraedron, and Staurastrum
  3. Flagellated algae such as the euglenophytes Euglena and Phacus, and dinoflagellates Peridinium and Ceratium
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8
Q

Phytoplankton Characteristics

A
  1. Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta)
  2. Chrysophyta
  3. Pyrrhophyta (Dinoflagellates)
  4. Cryptophyta (Cryptophytes)
  5. Chlorophyta (green algae)
  6. Euglenophyta (Euglenoids)
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9
Q

Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta)

A
  1. Blue-green algae
  2. Only prokaryotic algae
  3. Higher plant photosynthesis
  4. Contains chlorophyll A and some carotenoids
  5. Only algae to fix nitrogen; done in heterocysts on filamentous forms. Some filamentous forms also have akinetes, or resting stages
  6. Problem in eutrophic lakes
  7. Anabaena, Microcystis, Gomphospherium
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10
Q

Chrysophyta

A

(brown algae)

  1. Two types:
    a) Chrysophyceae (Chrysophytes)
    b) Bacillariophyceae (Diatom)
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11
Q

Pyrrhophyta (Dinoflagellates)

A
  1. Have many animal like features
  2. Associated with the protozoans
  3. Live by ingesting other algal forms
  4. Have chlorophyll A and C
  5. They swim - spiralling paths
  6. Two flagella - one trailing and one undulating in the middle groove
  7. Ceratium and Gymnodium
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12
Q

Cryptophyta (Cryptophytes)

A
  1. Small algae
  2. Usually pass through the mesh of the net
  3. Two, unequal flagella
  4. Dorso-ventrally flattened
  5. Rhodomonas and Cryptomonas
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13
Q

Chlorophyta (Chlorophyte)

A
  1. Green algae
  2. Chlorophyll A and B
  3. Starch is their storage product
  4. Many forms are flagellated, usually in multiples of 2
  5. Eukaryotic cells
  6. Chlamydomonas, Mougeotia,
    Oedogonium, Spirogyra, Pediastrum, Gonium,
    Eudorina, Volvox
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14
Q

Euglenophyta (Euglenoids)

A
  1. Long shape
  2. Two equal length flagella
  3. Metaby
  4. Trachelomonas - lives in a carbonaceous test
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15
Q

Chrysophyceae (Chrysophytes)

A
  1. Most abundant in oligotrophic lakes
  2. Contains chlorophyll A and C
  3. Storage product is chrysolaminarin
  4. Golden brown colour.
  5. Produce a siliceous (glass like) resting stage, known as a stomatocyst
  6. 2 unequal flagella
  7. Ochromonas, Dinobryon, Mallomonas, Synura
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16
Q

Bacillariophyceae (Diatom)

A
  1. Makes up 30% of the primary production on the planet
  2. Very common in the littoral zone
  3. Characterized by a siliceous cell wall, or frustule, composed of two, slightly unequally sized halves, known as valves
  4. Diatoms are divided into centric (radically symmetrical - Cyclotella, Melosira/Aulacoseira) and pennates (Asterionella, Fragilaria, Tabellaria)
  5. Chlorophyll A and C
  6. No flagella
  7. Do not produce stomatocysts

BIOL 335 Lab Exam (6 decks)

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