Physiopatho - endocrino

Question 1

The other main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, in addition to tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine, is:
a. Calcitonin
b. Insulin
c. Parathyroid hormone d. Glucagon
e. Somatostatin

Answer 1

A - produced and secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells of thyroid gland).
Follicular cells produce and secrete thyroglobulin (from which T3 and T4 are produced)

Question 2

The most important function of mineralocorticoids is control of:
a. Carbohydrate metabolism
b. Glucose metabolism
c. Electrolyte metabolism
d. Protein metabolism

Answer 2

C - especially Na reabsorption from kidneys and K excretion via urine

Question 3

The pancreas has four types of cells, each of which produces a specific hormone. For example, the α cells of the pancreas produce:
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Somatostatin
d. Pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 3

B

(Endocrine pancreas is composed of five different hormone-secreting cell types:
- glucagon-secreting α cells
- insulin-producing β cells
- somatostatin-releasing δ cells
- ghrelin-releasing ε cells
- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-secreting cells.

Question 4

Two hormones play an important role in calcium homeostasis. The two hormones, __________ and _________________, cause an increase and a decrease in calcium concentrations, respectively:
a. Calcitonin; glucagon
b. Somatostatin; calcitonin
c. Calcitonin; parathyroid hormone d. Parathyroid hormone; calcitonin
e. Parathyroid hormone; glucagon

Answer 4

D - PTH induces hypercalcemia in part through increasing bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts.

Calcitonin reduced calcaemia via inhibition of osteoclasts

Question 5

The main functions of the catecholamines are to allow rapid body responses to acute stimuli, which include the mobilization of glucose. The catecholamines are secreted by the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system. The main neuro- transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system is ___________, whereas __________________ is the main hormone produced by the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla.
a. Serotonin; epinephrine
b. Epinephrine; serotonin
c. Epinephrine; norepinephrine
d. Norepinephrine; epinephrine
e. Serotonin; melatonin

Answer 5

D - noradrenaline main sympathetic neuroransmitter

adrenaline main hormone produced by postganglionic cells