Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Final (shelby) > Physiology_Practice Quiz Questions 1 > Flashcards

Physiology_Practice Quiz Questions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The resting membrane potential in most nerve cells is:

A

-70 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Total body water normally comprises:

A

60% BW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The extracellular fluid volume of an 80 kg ram is approximately:

A

16,000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A solution with an osmolarity value lower than normal plasma would be described as:

A

Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most tightly regulated ion in the body is:

A

H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oncotic pressure specifically refers to osmotic pressure in a blood vessel exerted mostly by:

A

Proteins such as albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During an action potential, the:

A

Charge inside a cell membrane quickly moves towards positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This pump is responsible for returning Na+ to pre-action potential concentrations:

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nerves have the ability to transmit extremely quickly if they are:

A

Large, heavily myelinated, with high membrane resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A stimulus will always cause an action potential to occur. True or false?

A

Flase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The average blood volume in most species is:

A

70 mL/Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The electrical potential difference across a membrane that prevents further diffusion of an ion across the membrane is called:

A

Equilibrium potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

To determine the number of equivalents in a solution, you must multiply the number of moles/L (or mmol/L) by the particle’s charge (could be 1, 2, 3, etc.). Therefore, if you have 3 mmol/L Ca2+, how many mEq/L do you have?

A

6 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials typically use what type of synaptic arrangement?

A

Many to one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuromodulators are not synthesized within cell bodies. True or false?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which type of pressure is usually the dominant pressure that causes fluid containing small solutes to leave blood vessels and enter tissues?

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Solution A has an osmolarity of 310 mOsm/L and Solution B has an osmolarity of 325 mOsm/L. In terms of tonicity, how would these solutions be described relative to a normal cell? Which solution has the greatest osmotic pressure?

A

Both soultions are hypertonic relative to a normal cell, which has an osmolarity of 290-300 mOsm/L. Solution B has the greatest osmotic pressure because it has the higher osmolarity and this, the highest number of osmoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During a muscle contraction, events occur in the following order:

A

Depolarization of the sarcolemma membrane, depolarization of the T-tubules
(transverse tubules), Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds
troponin C, tropomyosin moves and allows binding of actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle must all be electrically activated. True or false?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cytoskeletal protein sets the length of thin filaments?

A

Nebulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which type of summation can result in muscle tetany?

A

Temporal summation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reaccumulation of calcium into the SR via the SERCA pump is enough for the heart to relax. True or false?

A

False

23
Q

What protein does calcium bind in smooth muscle?

A

Calmodulin

24
Q

The latch state allows muscle to maintain tone by remaining in a contracted state without using much ATP. True or false?

A

true

25
Q

Which type of synapse uses a single action potential in a motoneuron to cause a single action potential in a muscle fiber?

A

one to one synpase

26
Q

Which neurotransmitter binds an ionotropic receptor that is a chloride channel in the CNS?

A

glycine

27
Q

Which neurotransmitter uses metabotropic receptors to modulate cell excitability and synaptic transmission via second messenger pathways?

A

Glutamate

28
Q

Which part of a neuron receives information from another neuron?

A

Dendrite

29
Q

Which type of axon carries action potentials towards the CNS from the skin and retina?

A

Somatic afferent

30
Q

The forebrain is capable of sending motor commands directly to the spinal cord instead of going through the brainstem. True or false?

A

true

31
Q

Which CNS area has cranial nerve nuclei to control eye movement and induce pupillary constriction?

A

Midbrain

32
Q

Which area of the telencephalon formulates and executes sequences of voluntary movement?

A

cerebral cortex

33
Q

Which layer of the meninges has a thick layer of fibroblast cells and fuses with the inner surface of bone?

A

Dura mater

34
Q

Which area detects the pH of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Medulla

35
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

Which areas are innervated by axons from the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain?

A

Heart, bronchial tree, salivary glands

37
Q

Which adrenergic receptor causes contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels when stimulated?

A

Alpha 1

38
Q

Ganglia of the PSNS are located near, on, or in the effector organs, meaning that postganglionic axons extending to the effector organs are short. True or false?

A

true

39
Q

What type of receptors are found on the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons in the PSNS?

A

Nicotinic receptors

40
Q

Which adrenergic receptor is stimulated during the fight or flight response and is responsible for increasing glucose production, lipolysis, and cardiac functions?

A

Beta 1

41
Q

Which second messenger system is used by Beta 1 receptors?

A

Adenylyl cyclase system

42
Q

Which second messenger system is used by muscarinic receptors M1, M3, and M5?

A

Phospholipase C system

43
Q

Which type of cell in the epidermis provides immune-mediated resistance to ticks for some breeds of cattle?

A

Langerhans cells

44
Q

Which skin layer connects skin to muscle and bone, and also can have a thick layer of fat for insulation?

A

Hypodermis

45
Q

Which type of sunlight ray is responsible for sunburn?

A

UVB

46
Q

Which type of sweat gland secretes a water fluid that is hypotonic to plasma?

A

Eccrine / merocrine gland

47
Q

Which leukocyte constantly circulates between blood, tissue, and lymph?

A

Lymphocyte

48
Q

Which leukocyte utilizes lactoferrin to deprive phagocytized bacteria of iron?

A

Neutrophil

49
Q

Once B cells are activated, they transform into plasma cells and memory B cells. True or false?

A

true

50
Q

Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys when more oxygen is needed by tissues. It circulates in blood for less than one day. True or false?

A

true

51
Q

What substance is initially released by damaged endothelial cells as platelets start to adhere to the injured site?

A

Fibronectin

52
Q

As damaged tissue heals and a clot is removed, what substance degrades fibrin?

A

Plasmin

53
Q

In what tissue are albumin, fibrinogen, and most of the globulins synthesized?

A

Liver

Physiology Final (shelby) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions