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Physiology module 9 > Physiology sex, pregnancy and lactation > Flashcards

Physiology sex, pregnancy and lactation Flashcards

1
Q

Most important source of sensory nerve signals for initiating the male sexual act.

A

Glans penis

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2
Q

Special modality of sensation

A

Exual sensation

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3
Q

S2, S3, S4

A

Pudendal nerve- sacral plexus- sacral portion of SC

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4
Q

Impulses may also enter the SC from areas adjacent to the penis

A

Anal epithelium
Scrotum
Perineal structures

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5
Q

First effect of male sexual stimulation

A

Penile erection

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6
Q

Degree of ercetion is proportional to the degree of stimulation wheather

A

Psychic

Physical

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7
Q

Male

A

Erection- orgasm- resolution

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8
Q

Facidity of penis after orgasm

A

Detumescence

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9
Q

The entire period of emission and ejaculation is called the

A

Male orgasm

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10
Q

At its termination, the male sexual excitement disappears almostentirely within 1-2 minutes and erection cease

A

Resolution

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11
Q

Successful performance of the female sexual act depends on both

A

Psychic stimulation

Sexual stimulation

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12
Q

Especially sensitive for initiating sexual sensations

A

Clitoris

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13
Q

Lead to erectile tissue

A

Genital tubercle

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14
Q

Female, lubrication

A

Bilateral bartholin glands

Vaginal epithelium

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15
Q

Vaginal epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

Wet mucosa

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16
Q

Age and menopause

A

Dry vagina

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17
Q

Sexual stimulation and psychic conditioning reaches maximum

A

Female orgasm or climax

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18
Q

Reflexes increase uterine and fallopian tube motility during the

A

Orgasm

Can fascilitate the meeting of egg and sperm

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19
Q

More on physical

More on psychic

A

Male

Female

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20
Q

One germ cell ( oocyte)

Surrounded by endocrine cells

A

Single ovarian follicle

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21
Q

Cells in ovarian follicle

A

Granulosa cell

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22
Q

About every 28 days, gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary cause about how many new follicles to begin to grow in the ovaries

A

8-12

But only 1 persist to become dominant follicle or graffian follicle

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23
Q

Primary oocyte

A

Graffian follicle

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24
Q

The mature ovum surrounded by the

A

Corona radiata

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25
Q

Ovum fertilization

A 
Mature ovum surrounded by corona radiata
Dispersal of corna radiata
Entry of the sperm
Fromation of male and female pronuclei
Reorganization of full complement of chromosomes and beginning division of the ovum
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26
Q

Excess

A

Pola bodies

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27
Q

4 sperm

A

1 spermatocyte

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28
Q

1 eggcell

A

1 oocyte

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29
Q

1 egg is to 1 sperm

No other sperm can penetrate

A

Acrosome reaction

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30
Q

Granulosa cells attached to the outside of the ovum

A

Corona radiata

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31
Q

Before a sperm can enter the ovum, it must first penetrate the multiple layers of

A

Corona radiata

Zona pellucida

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32
Q

3-4 days

A

Blastocyst

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33
Q

5 days

A

Implantation

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34
Q

Location that stay sperm and egg

A

Ampulla

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35
Q

Steps in ovulation to implantation

A

Ovulation
Fertilization of the ovum in the fallopian tube
Implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus
Action of trophoblast cells in implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine endometrium

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36
Q

Before implantation, the blastocyst obtain its nutrition from the uterine endometrial secretion

A

Uterine milk

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37
Q

Implantation of blastocyst

A

Invasion of cyto and syncitiotrophoblast

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38
Q

Formation of syncitiothropoblast

A

Placental formation

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39
Q

Extra

Molar pregnancy

A

Kiawa

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40
Q

When conceptus implants in the endometrium

A

Continued secretion of progesterone

Endometrial cell swelling and storage of more nutrients

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41
Q

Endometrial cell swelling

A

Decidual cells

42
Q

Only means of nutrition during 1st week until 7 weeks ( some of nutition)

A

Trophoblast cells invade the decidua

43
Q

Placenta also begins to provide nutrition after

A

16th day beyond the fertilization

A little more than 1 week after implantation

44
Q

Early nutrition

A

Trophoblast/ endometrium decidua

45
Q

Later nutrition

A

Placental membrane

46
Q

The source of blood of trophoblast

A

Spiral arteries

47
Q

Spiral arteries are from the

48
Q

White s balot

49
Q

Function of the placenta

A

Nutrition
O2 and CO2 exchange
Fetal kidney
Endocrine gland

50
Q

In pregnancy, the placenta forms especially large quantities of the ff

A

HCG
Estrogen
Progesterone
Human Chorionic Somatomammotrophin

51
Q

Secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells into the fluids of the mother

52
Q

HCG first appears in maternal blood

A

7-9 days post fertilization

53
Q

HCG peaks at

A

8-10 weeks

54
Q

HCG gradually falls to plateau at

A

18-22 weeks

55
Q

Serum HCG

A

More accurate

56
Q

Urine HCG

A

8-10 weeks

57
Q

Mas uunang tumaas ang HCG kaysa s estrogen at progesterone

58
Q

Scar in the ovary

A

Corpus albican

59
Q

Prevents involution of the corpus luteum at the end of the monthly female sexual cycle

60
Q

If CL is removed before approximately the 7-12 week

A

Spontaneous abortion almost always occur

61
Q

Secretes sufficient quantities of progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy

62
Q

CL involutes slowly after the

A

13-17 week of gestation

63
Q

HCG produce _________ in male fetuses

A

Testicular estrogen

64
Q

Estrogens function in mother

A

Enlargement of uterus
Enlargement of breast
Enlargement of female external genitalia
Relax the pelvic ligaments

65
Q

Woman with high adipose

A

More estrogen
Late menopause
Strong bones
Risk in uterine cancer

66
Q

Non pregnant

A

Estradiol

Ovary

67
Q

Pregnancy

A

Estriol
Placenta
Fetal adrenal- original source

68
Q

After menopause

A

Estrone

Adipose

69
Q

Relaxing hormone

A

Progesterone

70
Q

Causes decidual cells to develop in the uterine endometrium

A

Progesterone

71
Q

Progesterone functions

A

Decrease contractility of pregnant uterus

Also in GIT and GUT

72
Q

Progesterone helps the estrogen prepare the mothers

A

Breast for lactation

73
Q

Progesterone increase the secretion of the mothers fallopian tubes and uterus to provide appropriate nutritive matter for the developing

74
Q

Human chorionic somatomammotropin

A

Placenta 5th week

Proportion to the weight of placenta

75
Q

HCS formerly known as

A

Human placental lactogen

76
Q

HCS weak action similar to those of

A

Growth hormone

77
Q

HCS is diabeticogenic hormone for pregnancy

A

Making a larger quantities of glucose in fetus

78
Q

Maternal adaptations to pregnancy

A

Increased basla metabolic rate 15%
Increased COP
Increased ventilation
Increased RBF and GFR

79
Q

Progesterone increased respiratory centers sensitivity to CO2

A

Increased minute ventilation

80
Q

Physiologic weight gain

1st, 2nd & 3rd trimester

A

2, 11, 11 lbs

81
Q

Highest peak of cardiac load

82
Q

Increased flow to heart from uterine squeezing, increased HR due to labor pains

A

During labor

83
Q

Due to increased venous return

A

Immediately after labor

84
Q

Mobilization of interstitium

A

During 1st week of puerperium

85
Q

More fluid in the body

A

Dilutional anemia

86
Q

State of vasodilation

Smooth muscle relaxation

87
Q

Maternal adaptations to pregnancy

Increased lahat maliban s

A 
Total peripheral resistance
Total pulmonary resistance
Serum creatine
Hematocrit
Platelet count
IOP
Sodium and potassium
88
Q

Maternal adaptations to pregnancy

No change

A

Systolic blood pressure

Lung compliance

89
Q

Nirth of the baby

A

Parturition

90
Q

Intense contractions responsible for parturition due to

A

Progressive hormonal changes

Progressive mechanical changes

91
Q

From implantation to few weeks before delivery

A

Prelude to paturition
Quiescence
Phase 0

92
Q

Last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy

A

Preparation for labor
Activation
Phase 1

93
Q

Active labor, stage 1-3

A

Process of labor
Stimulation
Phase 2

94
Q

Puerpeium

Maternal recovery from birth

A

Parturient recovery
Involution
Phase 3

95
Q

Hormone in phase 0

A

Progesterone
Prostacyclin
Relaxin
Nitric oxide

96
Q

Phase 1

A

Estrogen

Progesterone withdrawal

97
Q

Phase 2

A

Oxytocin
Prostagalndin
Serotonin
Histamine

98
Q

Phase 3

99
Q

Strethching of uterine cervix lead to

A

Paraventricular and supraoptic secretion of oxytocin

100
Q

Labor is prolonged in

A

Hypophysectomized animals

101
Q

Prostaglandin E

A

Cytotec

Ripening the cervix

Physiology module 9 (1 decks)

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