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PADI Divemaster and IDC Practice Tests > Physiology Quiz > Flashcards

Physiology Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

This statement describes which lung over expansion injury. Air from the rupture accumulates in the center of the divers chest over the heart.

Pneumothorax

Subcutaneous emphysema

Mediastinal emphysema

Arterial Gas Embolism

A

Mediastinal emphysema

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2
Q

To avoid a barotrauma, a diver must:

Equalize frequently before feeling any pain

Ascend slowly

Both a and b

Just a

A

Both a and b

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3
Q

What does barotraumas literally mean?

cochlea injury

vertigo injury

lung injury

pressure injury

A

pressure injury

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4
Q

The immediate treatment for a lung over expansion injury is to have the diver breath 100% oxygen and seek emergency care as quickly as possible.

True

False

A

True

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5
Q

What causes decompression sickness?

tissue pressure exceeds surrounding pressure, making nitrogen come out faster than the individual can off-gas

tissue pressure decreases, which makes the nitrogen come out slowly- eventually causing bubbles

stupid divers not following tables

A barotraumas combined with a lung over expansion injury

A

tissue pressure exceeds surrounding pressure, making nitrogen come out faster than the individual can off-gas

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6
Q

To reduce the bodies demand for oxygen during a breath hold dive, a diver should:

Hyperventilate

Move slowly and deliberately while underwater

Breathe pure oxygen before the dive

Do summersaults while underwater in order to get the divers blood moving faster

A

Move slowly and deliberately while underwater

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7
Q

Which symptom is reflective of oxygen toxicity?

euphoria

convulsions

bright red skin

decreasing body core temperature

A

convulsions

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8
Q

If a divers ear drum ruptures, cold water on the vestibular canal may cause:

Barotrauma

Vertigo

Hypercapnia

Bradycardia

A

Vertigo

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9
Q

If tissue pressure exceeds surrounding pressure excessively, nitrogen comes out of solution faster than the body can off gas it and bubbles form the bodies tissues. This is known as:

Decompression illness

Decompression sickness

Arterial gas embolism

Lung overexpansion injury

A

Decompression sickness

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10
Q

Cigarette smoking prior to a dive should be avoided because it _______ the body’s ability to transport oxygen due to an increased ________ level in the lungs.

increases/ nitrogen

decreases/ carbon monoxide

increases/ carbon dioxide

decreases/ nicotine

A

decreases/ carbon monoxide

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11
Q

Which factor does not affect decompression sickness?

Fat

Age

Dehydration

None of the above

A

None of the above - all three of these contribute to the risk of DCS

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12
Q

Carbon monoxide is difficult to detect because it:

Is inert

Is odorless and tasteless

Has a sedating effect on the diver

Is strong in smell

A

Is odorless and tasteless

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13
Q

Symptoms of a lung over expansion injury usually occur _________, while symptoms of decompression sickness ________.

Within the first 12 hours after a dive/occur immediately after surfacing

During the dive/occur immediately after surfacing

Within the first 6 hours after a dive/occur within in first 12 hours after a dive

Immediately after surfacing/usually are slower to occur

A

Immediately after surfacing/usually are slower to occur

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14
Q

After a dive, ________ may be present in a divers circulatory system, yet the diver may not display any symptoms of decompression illness.

Clear bubbles

Transparent bubbles

Tiny bubbles

Silent bubbles

A

Silent bubbles

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15
Q

Which is not an example of a barotrauma?

Round window rupture

Pneumothorax

Mediastinal emphysema

Hypothermia

A

Hypothermia

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16
Q

A diver experiencing nitrogen narcosis may display which of the following:

Foolish behavior as if intoxicated

Cherry red lips and fingernail beds

Headache, nausea, and unconsciousness

Numbness in extremities and fatigue

A

Foolish behavior as if intoxicated

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17
Q

A barotrauma is a(n):

Sinus squeeze

ear drum block

pressure injury

ear drum rupture

A

pressure injury

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18
Q

Emergency treatment in the field for arterial gas embolism and decompression sickness includes:

having the victim breathe 100% oxygen, maintain basic life support, treat for shock, initiate transport to a hospital

have the victim relax and drink plenty of alcoholic fluids

having the victim breathe 100% oxygen, treat for psychological problems, initiate transport to a hospital

Applying cold packs to the victims chest and head, treat for shock, administer 100% oxygen

A

having the victim breathe 100% oxygen, maintain basic life support, treat for shock, initiate transport to a hospital

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19
Q

____________________ is a loss of your sense of direction or position.

vertigo

barotrauma

DCS

disorientation

A

disorientation

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20
Q

What is the difference between DCS and DCI?

DCI is a blanket term that refers to both DCS and a lung over-expansion injury

DCS and DCI refer to a lot of silent bubbles that don’t do anything

DCS refers to silent bubbles whereas DCI refers to lung over-expansion injuries

DCS is a blanket term that refers to DCI and a lung over-expansion injury

A

DCI is a blanket term that refers to both DCS and a lung over-expansion injury

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21
Q

If a diver is feeling the effects of nitrogen narcosis the diver should:

Ascend 2-4m/5-10ft

Descend 2-4m/5-10ft

Stay put

Swim to a different area on the dive site

A

Ascend 2-4m/5-10ft

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22
Q

Breathing pure oxygen underwater is not recommended because:

You have to have a higher certification to breathe pure oxygen

Pure oxygen molecules are larger and therefore a tank can not be filled to the same capacity

Breathing oxygen under pressure can be toxic even at shallow depths

Your body needs to receive both oxygen and nitrogen to function underwater.

A

Breathing oxygen under pressure can be toxic even at shallow depths

23
Q

What is the term for a clinical condition that follows suffocation by submersion in liquid after which there are at least 24 hrs of survival?

Pulmonary Barotrauma

Biological Death

Near Drowning

Decompression Sickness

A

Near Drowning

24
Q

True or False: Failure to equalize frequently and before feeling pain may result in an ear drum rupture, possibly caused by a forceful Valsava equalization leading to a barotrauma.

True

False

A

True

25
Q

Physical damage to the body resulting from a direct change in pressure is called:

edema

hemorrhage

thrombosis

barotrauma

A

barotrauma

26
Q

This statement describes which lung overexpansion injury. Air from the rupture goes between a divers lung and their chest wall, causing their lung to collapse.

Pneumothorax

Subcutaneous emphysema

Mediastinal emphysema

Arterial gas embolism

A

Pneumothorax

27
Q

A diver experiencing carbon monoxide poisoning may display which of the following:

Foolish behavior as if intoxicated

Cherry red lips and fingernail beds

Headache, nausea, and unconsciousness

Numbness in extremities and fatigue

A

Cherry red lips and fingernail beds

28
Q

What can happen with a forceful Valsalva maneuver?

round window rupture

oval window rupture

circular window rupture

oblong window rupture

A

round window rupture

29
Q

While diving in a strong current a poorly adjusted regulator may cause a diver to:

become overexerted

have excessive carbon dioxide build up

have labored shallow breathing

all of the above

A

all of the above

30
Q

Increased stress during a deep dive can result in mental and perceptual narrowing. This perceptual narrowing may create taskloading which can involve which of the following?

The effects of narcosis

increased mental relaxation

greater control of buoyancy

more available light

A

The effects of narcosis

31
Q

Factors that can increase a divers chances of decompression sickness include.

Age

Body fat

Alcohol

All of the above

A

All of the above

32
Q

Why does breathing 100% oxygen aid an individual with decompression sickness?

helps reduce the size of the bubbles

helps the individual remain calm

increases the pressure gradient between the alveolar nitrogen pressure and the nitrogen pressure in the tissue

decreases the pressure gradient between the alveolar nitrogen pressure and the nitrogen pressure in the tissue

A

increases the pressure gradient between the alveolar nitrogen pressure and the nitrogen pressure in the tissue

33
Q

What are the symptoms of type I decompression sickness?

pain in the limbs or joints

a localized skin rash

numbness and tingling

all of the above

A

all of the above

34
Q

A diver experiencing decompression sickness may display which of the following:

Foolish behavior as if intoxicated

Cherry red lips and fingernail beds

Headache, nausea, and unconsciousness

Numbness in extremities and fatigue

A

Numbness in extremities and fatigue

35
Q

This statement describes which lung over expansion injury. Air from the rupture accumulates in soft tissues at the base of the divers neck.

Pneumothorax

Subcutaneous emphysema

Mediastinal emphysema

Arterial gas embolism

A

Subcutaneous emphysema

36
Q

A forceful Valsava equalization or a delayed equalization may cause your ______ to rupture.

Round window

Middle ear

Vestibular canal

Eustachian tube

A

Round window

37
Q

Which malady is a result of pulmonary over inflation during ascent?

arterial gas embolism

sinus block

round window rupture

tooth squeeze

A

arterial gas embolism

38
Q

Too much carbon dioxide in the blood is known as

Hypercapnia

Apnea

Hypocapnia

Hyperventilating

A

Hypercapnia

39
Q

Type 2 decompression sickness, is considered non-life threatening, with pain only in joints.

True

False

A

False

40
Q

_____________ carries oxygen to the tissues via ____________, which is a protein that easily bonds with oxygen.

Oxidative metabolism/blood

Plasma/capillaries

Proteins/trachea

Red blood cells/hemoglobin

A

Red blood cells/hemoglobin

41
Q

Shallow water black out may occur during the ascent of a breath-hold dive due to:

Excessive hyperventilation

Hypoxia

Tunnel vision

Round window rupture

A

Hypoxia

42
Q

One serious physiological risk factor that is associated with the use of EANx is:

Ear squeeze

Red blood cell dilation

Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity

Shallow water blackout

A

Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity

43
Q

If the elimination of gas is not fast enough to match a diver’s ascent, the excessive supersaturation of gas in tissues may cause gas to come out of the solution in the form of bubbles. This malady is called:

shallow water blackout

decompression sickness

arterial gas embolism

nitrogen narcosis

A

decompression sickness

44
Q

The most serious lung overexpansion injury is:

Pneumothorax

Subcutaneous emphysema

Mediastinal emphysema

Arterial gas embolism

A

Arterial gas embolism

45
Q

If a diver displays dizziness, difficulty breathing, paralysis or unconsciousness almost immediately after surfacing from a dive, the diver is most likely suffering

Decompression sickness

Lung overexpansion injury

Oxygen toxicity

Nitrogen narcosis

A

Lung overexpansion injury

46
Q

Carbon monoxide bonds with hemoglobin _______ times more readily that oxygen

100

200

300

400

A

200

47
Q

Capillaries are microscopic vessels between arteries and veins where gas exchange occurs.

True

False

A

True

48
Q

Arteries carry blood ______ the heart while veins carry blood ______ the heart.

Away from, toward

Toward, away from

near, far

far, near

A

Away from, toward

49
Q

What are the primary purposes of the respiratory and circulatory systems?

To supply body tissues oxygen and to remove and eliminate carbon dioxide.

To supply body tissues carbon dioxide and to remove and eliminate oxygen.

To supply the body with plasma and eliminate carbon monoxide through the capillaries

To supply the body with blood and eliminate carbon dioxide through the alveoli.

A

To supply body tissues oxygen and to remove and eliminate carbon dioxide.

50
Q

While diving after an extended amount of time at any depth, a divers body will become __________, meaning the body has absorbed all the nitrogen possible at the given depth/pressure. Once the diver surfaces, residual nitrogen is still in the divers tissues and is higher than the ambient pressure, this is known as ________.

Supersaturated/saturation

Equalized/off gassing

Saturated/supersaturation

Supersaturated/off gassing

A

Saturated/supersaturation

51
Q

Skin divers use _________ to increase breath hold times by reducing the level of carbon dioxide in his lungs

Respiratory reflex center

Carotid sinus reflex

Valsalva maneuver

Voluntary hyperventilation

A

Voluntary hyperventilation

52
Q

Air space that is not equalized can cause a(n):

Squeeze

Lung overexpansion injury

Crush

Impact

A

Squeeze

53
Q

Changes in pressure most effect which part of the ear.

Outer

Inner

Middle

Vestibular Canal

A

Middle

PADI Divemaster and IDC Practice Tests (5 decks)

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