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Year 3 Sudden death > Physiology of Shock > Flashcards

Physiology of Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Define Shock

A

Inadequate organ perfusion leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues and eventually organ failure

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2
Q

Shock is caused by a problem with what?

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Flow of blood

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3
Q

Name the different types of shock

A 
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Septic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic
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4
Q

What is distributive shock?

A

Sufficent fluid but in the wrong place

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5
Q

Distributive shock is an umbrella term for what types of shock?

A

Septic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic

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6
Q

What causes hypovolaemic shock?

A

Blood loss/body fluid loss

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7
Q

What happens to cardiac output in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Reduced

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8
Q

What happens to BP in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Maintained by compensation, reduced in late stage

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9
Q

What happens to HR in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Tachycardia

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10
Q

What happens to the skin in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Cool + pale

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11
Q

What is the key issue in hypovolaemic shock?

A

Loss of intravascular volume

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12
Q

What is the treatment for hypovolaemic shock?

A

Fluid/blood replacement

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13
Q

What is the only type of shock to cause bradycardia?

A

Neurogenic shock

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14
Q

What things can cause cardiogenic shock?

A

MI
PE
Tamponade etc

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15
Q

What happens to cardiac output in cardiogenic shock?

A

Reduced

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16
Q

What happpens to BP in cardiogenic shock?

A

Reduced

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17
Q

What happens to HR in cardiogenic shock?

A

Tachycardia

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18
Q

What happens to the patient temp in cardiogenic shock?

A

normal

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19
Q

What happens to patient skin in cardiogenic shock?

A

Swollen + oedematous

20
Q

What is the key issue in cardiogenic shock?

A

Heart failure

21
Q

What is the management for cardiogenic shock?

A

Careful fluid management
Inotropes (dobutamine)
Vasopressor (noradrenaline)

22
Q

In what type of shock does a patient experience pyrexia?

A

Septic shock

23
Q

In what type of shock does a patient experience an unregulated temp?

A

Neurogenic

24
Q

What is the cause of septic shock?

A

Gram +ve Bacterial infection usually

25
Q

What happens to the CO in septic shock?

A

Increased initially

26
Q

What happens to the BP in septic shock?

A

Reduced

27
Q

What happens to the HR in septic shock?

A

Tachycardia

28
Q

What is the key issue in septic shock?

A

Toxins + malfunction at capillary level

29
Q

What is the treatment for septic shock?

A

Sepsis 6

Vasopressor if fluid unresponsive (noradrenaline)

30
Q

What can cause anaphylactic shock?

A

Allergic reaction

31
Q

What happens to CO in anaphylactic shock?

A

Reduced

32
Q

What happens to BP in anaphylactic shock?

A

Reduced profoundly

33
Q

What temp is the patient during anaphylactic shock?

A

Normal

34
Q

What might be seen on the skin during an anaphylactic shock?

A

Urticarial rash

35
Q

What is the key issue in anaphylactic shock?

A

Mast cell degranulation

36
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylactic shock?

A

Adrenaline

37
Q

What can cause neurogenic shock?

A

Spinal cord injury/anaesthesia

38
Q

What happens to the CO during neurogenic shock?

A

Reduced

39
Q

What happens to the BP in neurogenic shock?

A

Reduced

40
Q

What happens to the HR in neurogenic shock?

A

Bradycardia

41
Q

What happens to the temp in neurogenic shock?

A

Unregulated

42
Q

What happens to the skin in neurogenic shock?

A

Vasodilated below lesion

43
Q

What is the key issue in neurogenic shock?

A

Loss of sympathetic outflow in thoracic spine leading to lack of feedback

44
Q

What is the treatment for neurogenic shock?

A

Vasopressors

45
Q

When is immediate defibrillation used?

A

VF

VT

Year 3 Sudden death (5 decks)

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