Physiology of shock Flashcards
What is shock?
A life threatening condition that occurs when blood flow is impaired.
What is shock often referred to as?
Circulatory shock
List some causes of shock
Haemorrhage Myocardial infarction Infection Burns Spinal injuries
What are the three components which contribute to the supply of oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues are compromised?
Reduction in circulatory volume
Failure of effective pump
Lack of blood vessel tone and enlarged vascular component
What are the four types of shock?
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Vascular
Neurogenic
What is hypovolaemic shock and the possible causes?
Loss of IV volume
Causes: haemorrhage, loss of body fluids, dehydrations, severe D and V
What is cardiogenic shock and the possible causes?
Pump failure
Causes:Myocardial infarction
Medications
What is vascular shock and the possible causes?
Loss of vascular tone
Causes: Anaphylaxis,
What is neurogenic shock and the possible causes?
Loss of vascular tone due to the lack of neurological control
Causes: Spinal injury, head injury, severe emotional experience,
What happens to tissues if arterial blood pressure is too low?
Tissue fluid is not formed
How does tissue fluid maintain homeostasis?
Tissue fluid brings oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing C02 and waste products
What happens to tissues during hypovolaemic shock?
The reduced blood flow reduces the tissue perfusion and therefore cuts down the movement of tissue fluid into the tissues. The tissue will receive less oxygen and nutrients and accumulate toxic products in tissues. This will lead to cell injury and death.
What is the 3 homeostatic controls of blood pressure?
Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
Volume of blood
State some signs and symptoms of shock
Increased respiration Thirst Cold and clammy skin Decreased BP Altered consciousness
What are the hormonal responses to shock?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
