Physiology of OMM I Flashcards
________ neuron fibers remain in the spinal cord but their axons may either ascend to connect multiple levels or remain within a single segment.
Propriospinal
________ interneuron projections are confined to a specific segment where the cell body is located.
Local circuit
A motor evoked potential study showed that HVLA had a substantial reduction in the ________.
Short latency stretch reflex
One of the main ways OMT acts to disrupt the pain-spasm-pain cycle is by attenuating ________ input and reducing the sensitivity of ________ to stretch.
Nociceptive, muscle spindle fibers
The ________ functions with the cortex in perception of pain and emotions.
Thalamus
OMT is able to down-regulate the excitability of muscle spindles or other sites of the ________ pathway.
Ia reflex
Counterstrain OMT is able to reduce the activity of a hyperactive muscle by disrupting the ________.
Pain-spasm-pain cycle
“Wind up” refers to viscerosomatic reflexes demonstrating ________.
Summation
Sensitization and secondary hyperalgesia likely contributes to ________.
Tender points
________ cells are responsible for sending axons up ascending tracts and project into the brainstem and thalamus.
Projection
The ________ reflex involves Ia afferent neurons and a homonymous α-motor neuron (M-wave).
Short-latency
A study on the Achilles’ tendon suggested that counterstrain OMT reduced the excitability of ________, thereby decreasing nociceptive activity.
γ-motor neurons
Viscerosomatic and somatoviscero reflexes occur due to overlap of ________ in the dorsal horn.
Primary afferent nociceptor fibers
The ________ reflex bypasses the muscle spindles.
H
The ________ receives projections from the cerebral cortex and brainstem. It has a key role in forming memories associated with fear.
Amygdala
Central sensitization leading to altered dorsal horn activity will also alter activity in the ________.
Ventral horn
The ________ is where transition for sensation to perception occurs.
Cerebral cortical pain matrix
________ events can cause facilitation which predisposes the individual to misinterpretation of the innocuous stimuli.
Traumatic or painful
The ________ tracts terminate in the nuclei of the brainstem and midbrain and may play a role in modulating pain.
Spinoreticular
Prolonged exposure to a stimulus can lead to ________ that outlasts the stimulus.
Central sensitization
Activated glial cells release ________ and other substances that increase spinal facilitation and hyperalgesia.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
The ________ is a nociceptive system from primary afferents through the cerebral cortex.
Pain matrix
