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Haematology > Physiology of blood cells and haematological terminology > Flashcards

Physiology of blood cells and haematological terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Red blood cells show more variation in size than is normal

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2
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Red blood cells show more variation in shape than is normal

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3
Q

Microcytosis

A

Red blood cells are smaller than normal

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4
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Red blood cells are larger than normal

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5
Q

Leucocytosis

A

Too many white blood cells

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6
Q

Leucopenia

A

Too few white blood cells

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7
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Too many neutrophils

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8
Q

Neutropenia

A

Too few neutrophils

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9
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Too many lymphocytes

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10
Q

Eosinophilia

A

Too many eosinophils

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11
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Too many platelets

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12
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Too few platelets

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13
Q

Erythocytosis

A

Too many Red blood cells

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14
Q

Reticulocytosis

A

Too many reticulocytes

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15
Q

Lymphopenia/Lymphocytopenia

A

Too few lymphocytes

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16
Q

Atypical lymphocyte/atypical mononuclear cell

A

Abnormal lymphocyte

-seen in infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

17
Q

Left shift

A

Increase in non-segmented neutrophils or neutrophil precursors in the blood

  • from inflammation or infection
  • band cells with no segmentation indicate rapid production during infection
18
Q

Toxic granulation

A

Heavy granulation of neutrophils

from infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis and pregnancy

19
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophil

A

increase in average number of neutrophil lobes

- from vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency

20
Q

Howell-Jolly body

A

Nuclear remnant in a RBC

-common cause=lack of splenic function

21
Q

Red cell agglutinates

A

Irregular clumps of RBCs (not tidy stacks)

  • from antibody on cell surface
  • sticks better in cold temperatures
22
Q

Rouleaux

A

Stacks of RBCs

-from alterations in plasma proteins

23
Q

Fragments/schistocytes

A

Small pieces of Red blood cell

-indication cell has fragmented

24
Q

Sickle cells

A

crescent shaped

-from Hb S polymerisation when it is present in high concentrations

25
Q

Elliptocytes

A

Elliptical shaped

-seen in hereditary elliptocytosis and iron deficiency

26
Q

Target cells

A

accumulation of haemoglobin in the centre of the central pallor area
-from obstructive jaundice, liver disease, haemoglobinopathies, hyposplenism

27
Q

Poikilocyte shape variety

A
  • spherocytes
  • irregularly contracted cells
  • sickle cells
  • target cells
  • elliptocytes
  • fragments
28
Q

Polychromasia

A

Increased blue tinge to RBC cytoplasm

-indication of young RBCs

29
Q

Irregularly contracted cells

A

Irregular outline, smaller than normal, no central pallor

-from oxidant damage to cell membrane and haemoglobin

30
Q

Spherocytes

A

~spherical shaped, regular outline, no central pallor

  • from cell membrane loss without equivalent cytoplasm loss so cell forced to round up
  • seen in hereditary spherocytosis (not all spherical cells)
31
Q

Hypochromia

A

larger area of central pallor than normal (normal ~1/3 diameter pale)

  • normal pallor from disc shape (less Hb in centre)
  • hypochromia from lower Hb content and concentration and flatter cell
  • often seen with microcytosis
  • ‘hypochromic’ RBCs
32
Q

Hyperchromia

A

Cells lack central pallor
-from abnormal shape or being thicker than normal

(can have many causes as abnormally shaped cells often lack a central thinner area)
-‘hyperchromatic’/ ‘hyperchromic’ RBCs

33
Q

Macrocytic

A

RBCs are larger than normal or anaemia with large RBCs (lymphocyte as reference material)

34
Q

Normocytic

A

RBCs are normal size or anaemia with normal sized RBCs (lymphocyte as reference material)

35
Q

Microcytic

A

RBCs are smaller than normal or anaemia with small RBCs (lymphocyte as reference material)

36
Q

Microcyte

A

Red blood cell that is smaller than normal

37
Q

Macrocyte

A

RBC that is larger than normal =large erthyrocyte

-variety of types (round macrocytes, oval macrocytes, polychromatic macrocytes)

38
Q

Right shift

A

Increase in number of neutrophil lobes

Haematology (11 decks)

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