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MEDSCI: CARDIOVASCULAR > PHYSIOLOGY NOTES > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY NOTES Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Output (CO) =

A

Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)

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2
Q

Venous return

A

volume of blood returning to the heart from the vasculature every minute and is linked to cardiac output

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3
Q

PRE-LOAD

A

Stretch on LV before it contracts. when the ventricle is filling, the pressure rises and this stretches the myocardial fibres, placing them under a degree of tension

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4
Q

Starling’s Law

A

the energy of contraction of the ventricle is a function of the initial length of the muscle fibres comprising its walls

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5
Q

CONTRACTILITY

A

Strength and rigour of the heart’s contraction during systole. The heart will eject a greater stroke volume at greater filling pressures

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6
Q

AFTER LOAD

A

Afterload is the force or load against which the heart has to contract to eject the blood.

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7
Q

HYPERTENSION

A

High blood pressure - if elevated this will mean your afterload will be high

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8
Q

myocardium

A

creates the mechanical work of the pumping action of the heart

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9
Q

Systole

A

Systolecauses the ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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10
Q

Diastolic Reading

A

Thediastolicreading, or the bottom number, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. This is the time when the heart fills with blood and gets oxygen. A normaldiastolicblood pressure is lower than 80. A reading of 90 or higher means you have high blood pressure.

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11
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

Systolic blood pressure, the top number, measures the force your heart exerts on the walls of your arteries each time it beats.

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12
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

includes all events associated with one heartbeat, forcing blood from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

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13
Q

ECG

A

summation of all electrical activity spreading around the heart

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14
Q

Potassium slows the HR

A

Flow of potassium in and out of heart cells helps regulate your heartbeat. Low blood potassium levels can alter this - heart palpatations

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15
Q

Sodium/Potassium/Calcium

A

3 main parts for action potential in regulation of heart

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16
Q

coronary heart disease

A

inability to supply blood to the heart

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17
Q

Blood pressure stability is the…

A

most important thing!

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18
Q

heart consists of specialised muscle cells called

A

cardiac myocytes

19
Q

contraction of these cells initiated by

A

action potentials

20
Q

SA Node

A

primary pacemaker of the heart. intiates all heart beats

21
Q

AV Node

A

electrical gateway to the ventricles. passes onto AV bundle or bundle of his

22
Q

depolarization

A

In biology, depolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell.

23
Q

Repolarisation

A

restoration of the resting membrane potential after each deploarisation event

24
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarisation

25
Q

QRS complex

A

onset of ventricular depolarisation

26
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarisation

27
Q

proprioceptors

A

monitor joint movements (e.g. when exercising)

28
Q

baroreceptors

A

monitor blood pressure

29
Q

chemoreceptors

A

monitor blood activity

30
Q

vagus nerve (parasympathetic)

A

heart - decreased rate

decreased rate of spontaneous depolarisation in SA node (and AV node) decreases heart rate

31
Q

cardiac accelerator nerves (sympathetic)

A

heart - increased rate and contractility. increased rate of spontaneous depolarisation in SA node (and AV node) increases heart rate.

increased contractility of atria and ventricles increases stroke volume

32
Q

vasomotor nerves (sympathetic)

A

blood vessels - vasoconstriction

33
Q

sensory afferent neurons

A

to the body and CNS

34
Q

motor efferent neurons

A

exit the body

35
Q

Vagus nerves, parasympathetic travel to

A

the SA node

36
Q

impacts on increasing stroke volume

A

increased preload, increased contractility and decreased afterload

37
Q

mean arterial blood pressure

A

MAP, or mean arterial pressure, is defined as the average pressure in a patient’s arteries during one cardiac cycle.

38
Q

blood pressure equation

A

BP = CO (cardiac output) x TPR (total periphery resistance)

39
Q

main resistance vessels

A

arterioles

40
Q

cardiovascular system is made up of

A

aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, vein, vena cavae

41
Q

cardiovascular system anatomically

A

is organised in parallel

42
Q

blood pressure is the same in

A

all organs

43
Q

capillaries are

A

where exchange takes place

44
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

MEDSCI: CARDIOVASCULAR (5 decks)

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