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Endocrine II DF > physiology- Lopez > Flashcards

physiology- Lopez Flashcards

1
Q

21b enzyme def presentation

A

most common
salt wasting
precocious puberty
virilizsation

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2
Q

main binding proteins of thyroid hormones

A

TBG (made in liver)

transthyretin

albumin

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3
Q

short term actions on bone of PTH

A

bone formation via direct action on osteoblasts

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4
Q

PTH on kidney and urinary cAMP

A

increases urinary cAMP

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5
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

diazoxide

A

inhibitory

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6
Q

only time phosphate and calcium increase or decrease together is when and is it increase or decrease

A

Vitamin D deficiency

both decrease

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7
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

cortisol

A

stimulatory

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8
Q

what enzyme converts cholesterol to pregnenoone

A

cholesterol desmolase

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9
Q

11b enzyme def presentation

A

virilization

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10
Q

TRH works on what pituitary target

A

thryotrophs–> TSH

lactotrophs–> prolcatin

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11
Q

cAMP in urin in vit D def

A

increased in urine

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12
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism phenotype

A 
short stature
short neck
obesity
subcut calcification
short metatarsals and metacarpals
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13
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism

PTH/Ca2+/Pi/Vitamin D

A

PTH = increased
Ca2+ = decreased
Pi = increased
vitamin D = decreased

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14
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

exercise

A

inhibitory

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15
Q

prolactinoma associated with what

mechanism?

A

hypogonadism and galactorrhea

-prolacting inhibits secretion of LH and FSH by directly inhibiting hypothalamus release of GnRH

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16
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

glucagon

A

stimulatory

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17
Q

vitamin D on ca2+ and Pi in intestine

A

increase absorption of both by increaseing calbindin expression

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18
Q

effect of glucagon on blood level of glucose, FAs, and ketoacids

A

all increased

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19
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a

exogenous PTH and cAMP (urinary)

A

defective Gs in bone and kidney
AD disorder
exognenous PTH does not increase urinary cAMP

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20
Q

vitamin D on bone

A

sensitizes osteoblasts to PTH

regulates osteoid production and calcification

21
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism and cause

A

increased PTH due to low calcium in blood

renal failure
vitamin D deficiency

22
Q

where does T4 and T3 negatively feedback on

A

anterior pituitary only

23
Q

2 principal nuceli innervate the posterior lobe

A

supraoptic and paraventricular

24
Q

what cytokines released from osteoblasts stimulate osteoclasts

A

IL-6
RANK ligand
m-CSF to make osteoclast precursors

25
Q

vitamin D on kidney

A

promotes Pi reabsorption by proximal nephrons (stimulates NPT2a expression)

26
Q

where in kidney is calcium reabsorbed from stimulation of PTH

-where is Pi reabsorption inhibited

A

TAL and distal tubule

proximal nephrons (repress NPT2a)

27
Q

negative feedback of cortisol works where

A

hypthalamus–>no CRH

AP–>no ACTH

28
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency from what and levels of CRH,ACTH,cortisol

A

exogenous glucocorticoid drugs

all levels decreased

29
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

GIP

A

stimulatory

30
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

obesity

A

stimulatory

31
Q

presentation of 17a hydroxylase deficiency

A

ambiguous genitalia

undescended testes

lack of 2ndary sex development

32
Q

sodium below what in SIADH causes what symptoms

A

120

hyponatermic encephaolapthy

33
Q

the connections between the hypothalamus and the anterior lobe are

A

neural and endocrine

34
Q

rickets type 1 cause

A

decreased 1a-hydroxylase

35
Q

pituitary failure of FSH/LH

A

infertility
hypogonadism
reduced sperm

menstrual irregularity

36
Q

what increases the activity of the enzyme that creates active vitamin D and what is the enzyme and where is this done

A

decreased calcium
increased PTH
decreased phosphate

enzyme is 1a hydroxylase (CYP1a) and converts 25 OH cholecalciferol to 1,25 oh-cholecalciferol

renal proximal tuibule

37
Q

causes of nephrogenic DI

A

lithium
polycystic kidney diseaes
sickle cell anemia

38
Q

long term action on bone of PTH

A

bone resoprtion, indirect from action on osteoblasts which secrete cytokines to activate osteoclasts

39
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

vagal stimulation; Ach

A

stimulatory

40
Q

associated conditions with DM1

A

autoimmune thyroid disese
celiac disease
addison’s diseaes

41
Q

in pts with primary hyperparathyroidsm they excrete excessive amounts of

A

pi, cAMP, Ca2+

42
Q

inhibitory or stimulatory factor of insulin secretion?

a adrenergic agonists

A

inhibitory

43
Q

associated conditions with DM2

A

obesity
lipid abnormalities
PCOS
NAFLD

44
Q

effect of increased vitamin D (1,25) and increased calcium pathway on pth

A

increased calcium sensed by CaSR which is Gq signaling to inhibit PTH and increase CaSR gene

Vitamin D does same through intracellular receptor

45
Q

supraoptic nuclei neurons

A

ADH

46
Q

the connections between the hypothalamus and posterior lone are

A

neural

47
Q

paraventricular nuclei neurons

A

oxytocin

48
Q

rickets type II cause

A

decreased vitamin D receptor

49
Q

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

PTH/serum calcium/urine calcium/ Pi/ vitamin D

A

this is defect in CaSR
AD

PTH = N/increased
serum calcium = increased
urine calcium = decrased
Pi = N
vitamin D = N

Endocrine II DF (7 decks)

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