Physiology- Life Processes Flashcards
What is Physiology?
Study of function, based on the structure
What is an element?
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of an element
What is a molecule?
Made up of either two or more atoms, of either the same element or different types of atoms (Compound)
Common elements in the body
Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18%), Hydrogen (10%), Nitrogen (3%)
What percent of body fluid is ICF
2/3 or 66%
What percent of body fluid is ECF and how is ECF distributed?
1/3 is ECF and is split 80% interstitial fluid and 20% blood
What is the nervous system?
Electrical signals that travel along nerve cells
What is the endocrine system?
Chemical signals (hormones) within the bloodstream
Describe the organism level
Multicellular lifeform made up of organ systems
Describe organ systems level
A group of organs and structures that perform a function
Describe organ level
A group of tissues that form a functioning unit
Describe tissue level
A group of cells with similar structure and function
Describe cellular level
Building blocks of life. The basic functional unit within a multicellular organism
Describe chemical level
Tiny chemical units that make up cells
What are the 3 parts of an atom, and why are electrons so important?
Protons, Neurons & Electrons. Electrons are important because they can be lost or gained to change the charge of the particle.
How does an atom become an ion?
An atom becomes an ion when an atom donates an electron (cation) to become positively charged
or
gains an electron (anion) to become negatively charged.
What is an electrolyte?
Is a molecule that will create an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in water
Difference between ionic, polar and non-polar bonds
An ionic bond is when an electron is given away or received from one atom to another.
Polar bonds are when there are negatively & positively charged poles
Non-Polar bonds are when an electron is shared between two atoms.
Difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Hydrophilic- Water-loving, dissolves in water
Hydrophobic- Water hating, dissolves in oil such as non-polar covalent
3 macromolecules
Protein, fat and carbohydrates
Major structures within a cell and their functions
Cytoplasm- The fluid part of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum- The “construction warehouse” smooth ER builds lipids, rough ER builds protein
Golgi Apparatus- Responsible for protein processing and packaging
What is blood made of, and what is the proportion of solid to fluid in the blood
Blood is classified as a connective tissue
made up of 45% solid and 55% fluid
Functions of blood
- Maintaining core temp
- Maintaining ion balance & transporting/nutrient balance
- Injury Repair
- Immunity
2 types of passive transport (No ATP needed)
Diffusion/Osmosis-Directly across the membrane. Always down the gradient.
Facilitated- Diffusion through a membrane channel & transporter
2 types of active transport (ATP required)
Primary active transport- Direct use of ATP. Such as endocytosis, exocytosis and Na+/K+ pump
Secondary- Does not directly use ATP but electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport
What is bulk transport?
In a passive process where all solutes and water move in the same direction. Fast over long distances. Think of it as a highway
What is homeostasis?
A balanced internal environment
What is a negative feedback loop?
Stimulus to Sensor to Control centre to effector to correct the issue. Correction after issue
