Physiology: introduction to endo Flashcards
(13 cards)
Does the endocrine system consist of endocrine glands, endocrine tissue, and scattered endocrine cells?
Yes
What are neurohormones?
Hormones released by neurons
What are the 3 main groups of neurohormones?
Catecholamines - made by modified neurons in the adrenal medulla
Hypothalamic neurohormones secreted from the posterior pituitary
Hypothalamic neurohormones that control hormone release from the anterior pituitary
The three classes of hormones:
- Steroid hormones also include mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol),
The three classes of hormones:
Receptors:
- Cell surface receptors are usually activated by hydrophilic/lipophilic molecules, and are faster/slower acting
- Nuclear receptors are usually activated by hydrophilic/lipophilic molecules, and are faster/slower acting
- Cell surface receptors are usually activated by HYDROPHILIC molecules, and are FASTER acting
- Nuclear receptors are usually activated by LIPOPHILIC molecules, and are SLOWER acting
Cell surface receptors
- 2 examples of G protein coupled receptor signalling pathways?
cAMP pathway
DAG/IP3 pathway
Example of tyrosine kinase pathway?
Insulin signalling –> leads to GLUT4 translocation to the surface of skeletal muscle/fat cells –> increased glucose uptake
cAMP signalling pathway
Is it involved in ADH V1 or V2 signalling?
V2 signalling (water reabsorption)
Diacylglycerol/inositol triphosphate pathway
- What hormones is it involved in?
GhRH, GRH
Catecholamines
ADH (V1), oxytocin
The rate of free hormone concentration in the EF (and hence the magnitude/strength of a response to a hormone) depends on what 3 factors?
Patterns of hormone secretion
- What hormone is secreted episodically?
- Constantly?
- In a pulsatile manner?
- Diurnally?
Insulin (in response to increased BGLs)
Thyroxine (needed to constantly maintain physiological functions)
LH
Cortisol, growth hormones
