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Mbbs > PHYSIOLOGY haematology > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Fe2+ come out of duodenal cell through transporter

A

Ferroportin

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2
Q

What hephaisten enzyme do?

A

Convert fe2+to 3+

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3
Q

Fe3+ bind to which protein inbloodvessal

A

Transferrin

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4
Q

Hepatocytes in liver in respose to transferin binding in liver membrane produce which proteinand its importance

A

HEPCIDIN ,control activity of ferroportin

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5
Q

Which block ferroprtin

A

Hepcidin

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6
Q

What controls hepcidin

A

HFE protein

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7
Q

The disease which cant produce functional HFEprotein is called

A

Haemochromotosis

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8
Q

What produced by parietal cell bind to vitamin B12

A

Intrinsic factor

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9
Q

Path of folic acid

A

Same as iron

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10
Q

Where receptor mediated endocytosis happen

A

Intestine when b12 with intrinsic factor bind to

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11
Q

To which protein in blood vessal b12 attach to

A

Transcobalamine 1&2

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12
Q

Other thing into blood through duodenum

A

Nutrient,aminoacid,carbohydrate(heme pdn),aminoacid,fat

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13
Q

Gene in kidney help in Erythropoiesis

A

Epo gene(erythropoetin)

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14
Q

Transcription factor near epo gene

A

HIF(Hypoxia inducible factor)

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15
Q

How erythropoetin form in hypoxia

A

Low oxygen no hydroxylation reaction,so enzyme cant bind to hif then hif bind with epo gene and produce erythropoetin

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16
Q

Stem cells in bone marrow for rbc

A

Haemocytoblast/pluripotent stem cells/haematopoetic stem cell

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17
Q

Haemocytoblast divide into?myeloidstem cell can form?

A

Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells

Platelet,rbc,wbc

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18
Q

What mediate myeloid to produce rbc and all steps in erythropoesis

A

Erythropoetin

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19
Q
A

Gene to make hb,base loving Rna,lot ribosome syn,rrna,mrna, trna

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20
Q

Protein hb formed in red and some rna left .the erythroblast called

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

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21
Q

Hb is acidophilicor basophilic

A

Eosinophilic or acidophilic or red

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22
Q

Charge of dna

A

Negative

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23
Q

Charge of sol of hb and blood

A

haemoglobin is positively charged sol and blood is negatively charged sol

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24
Q

Why blood not coagulate inside body

A

presence of heparin inside the body. It is anticoagulant and has the highest negative charge density.

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25
Q

4 types of hb

A

oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb), methemoglobin (met-Hb), and hemichromes

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26
Q

Rbc are not true living cells because

A

They lack nucleus&mitochondria

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27
Q

3 type of capillary

A

Sinusoidal capillary
Venusoidal capillary
Continuous capillary

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28
Q

Fate of orthochromatic erythroblast

A

Become reticulocyte push out to sinusoidal capillary

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29
Q

Stages of erythropoesis

A 
Proerythrobast
Basophilic erythroblast
Poly chromatic E.B
Orthochromatic E.B
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
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30
Q

Amount of hb in rbc

A

Male 14-18g/dl

Female12-16g/dl

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31
Q

Lifespan of erythrocyte

A

120 days

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32
Q

Dna maturation in poly chromatic and orthochromatic erythroblast

A

B9 ,folic acid and B9

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33
Q

What happen if dna maturation and condensation doesn’t happen

A

E.B will be huge that’s called macrocytic anemia or megaloblastic anemia

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34
Q

Use of iron

A

Iron for Hb synthesis. heme(proto porphyrin+iron)

red blood cell small if iron not there microcytic anemia

35
Q

Use of aminoacid and carb&fat

A

Aa-syn. Hb

Carb,fat-syn. Heme

36
Q

RBC diameter&thickness

A

7-7.5micrometer&2.5 micrometer

37
Q

The protein provide pliability to rbc

A

SPECTRIN (web like)&ANKYRIN(connect spectrin to cell mem.)

38
Q

Rbc stuck in sinusoid what happen

A

Macrophage engulf and break down to heme,globin

39
Q

Components of globin in adult haemoglobin(HbA1),foetal haemoglobin(HbA2),and in rare HbA2

A

Hb A1– 2alpha&2 beta
Foetal–2 alpha&2 gamma
Hb A2–2alpha&2delta

40
Q

The aminoacid from alpha,beta chain do what

A

Recycle to erythropoetin phase

41
Q

Bound in plasma to albumin bilirubin is called

A

In conjugated bilirubin

42
Q

Heme breakdown to

A

Biliverdin then bilirubin

43
Q

How very soluble conjugated biliverdin form and where it forms

A

B.ver din combine to glucaronic acid in liver

44
Q

What is bile and main component

A

Component made by liver help infat digestion

Bilirubin

45
Q

Which brek down bilirubin to urobilinogen

A

Bacterial peptidase

46
Q

Bile pass through which all ducts

A

Cystic duct–common bilieduct fuse to pancreatic duct form je pati pancreatic duct

47
Q

How many % urobilinogen absorbed to blood vessal and how it ex create through kidney

A

10% ,urobilin

48
Q

The urobilinogen recycled to same reaction called

A

Enterohepatic circulation

49
Q

Another name of urobilinogen and what it convert to and significance

A

Feacostercobilinogen,convert to stercobiin, brown colour to farces

50
Q

Faeces not has brown colour,then what happen

A

Bilestone

51
Q

Bilestone,the C.B may push to blood stream cause yellow colour in sclera or other parts of body cause

A

Jaundice

52
Q

Why rbc struck in sinusoidal capillary

A

Breakdown of spectrin or ankyrin ,it loses pliability

53
Q

Where sinusoidal capillary seen

A

Liver,spleen ,bonemarrow

54
Q

Anemia definition and cause

A

Low oxygen carrying capacity may due to low no of rbc or dysfunction of rbc(low PCV or low HCV)

55
Q

Symptoms of iron deficiency anemja

A 
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Increased work load heart(due to change in volume of blood)
Tachycardia
Dizziness
56
Q

What is tachyccardia

A

rapid heartbeat that may be regular or irregular, but is out of proportion to age and level of exertion or activity.

57
Q

Protein digestion is

A

Catabolic

58
Q

Protoporphyrin+iron form

A

Heme

59
Q

Which blood indices determine iron deficiency anmia

A

MCV

MCV<90fL,microcytic

60
Q

Causes of fe def. Anemia

A

Blood loss
Increase menstrual flow
Low iron diet

61
Q

Anemia due to autoimmune condition and explain

A

Pernicious anemia

Some individual immune system produce antibody that bind to intrinsic factor so b12 cant bind to it

62
Q

What is needed for b12 absorption?whats the problem if it isn’t happen

A

Intrinsic factor

B12 cause dna maturation in rbc if it doesn’t happen macrocytic rbc form

63
Q

Why first drop of pricked blood to be

Avoided

A

It contain only tissue fluid

64
Q

Why first drop of WBC pipette to be avoided

A

It contain only tissue fluid

65
Q

Instead of troponin what is in smooth muscle

A

Calmodulin

66
Q

Instead of Z line what is in smooth muscle

A

Dense bodies

67
Q

Dense body attached to

A

Intermediate fibers

68
Q

In smooth muscle myosin filament ——––dimeter of actin

A

More than twice

69
Q

Instead of T tubule what is in smooth muscle

A

Caveolae

70
Q

In smooth muscle ,actin attach to

A

Dense body

71
Q

Why striations absent in smooth muscle

A

Action and myosin filaments are randomly arranged

72
Q

Cross bridge in smooth muscle

A

Sidepolar crossbridge

73
Q

Significance of sode polar crossbridge

A

It maximise the contraction

74
Q

What is sidepolar crossbridge

A

One myosin form cross bridge to one side and other to another side

75
Q

Nerve supply of cardiac and smooth muscle

A

Autonomic nervous system

76
Q

Basophilia found in

A

Type 1 hyersensitivity reaction

77
Q

Monocytosis in

A

Chronic infection like tuberculosis

78
Q

Sorethroat due to staphylococcus have

A

Neitrophilia

79
Q

Viral infection or chronic infection

A

Lyphocytosis

80
Q

Acute infection cause pus

A

Neutrophilia

81
Q

Chronic infection

A

Monocytosis and lymphocytosis

82
Q

Granulopoesis in

A

Bone marrow

83
Q

Yellow bone marrow inactive all in

A

Red bonemarrow

84
Q

Monocyte permnnt residence in

A

Cns

Mbbs (4 decks)

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