Physiology Exam II Material Flashcards
The process of a white blood cell squeezing between cells to exit the blood vessel is called:
Emigration
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
Platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, clotting
When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing:
A vascular spasm
What is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?
Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
Which of the following would NOT increase blood pressure
a. Increased blood volume
b. Increased sympathetic stimulation
c. Increased heart rate
d. Increased stroke volume
e. Decreased cardiac output
Decreased cardiac output
Which is NOT a major function of blood?
a. Transportation of nutrients
b. Regulation of blood pH
c. Protection against disease infection
d. Transportation of heat
e. Production of oxygen
Production of oxygen
Which of the following is not a component of blood?
a. Blood plasma
b. Formed elements
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Platelets
e. White blood cells
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?
a. Albumins
b. Globulins
c. Fibrinogens
d. Prostaglandins
e. None of the above
Fibrinogens
The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:
Hemopoiesis
A megakaryoblast will form into a:
platelet
During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells differentiate into:
Progenitor cells
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart:
a. Increase in venous return increases the end-diastolic volume, which leads to increased stroke volume
b. When venous return decreases, stroke volume increases to compensate
c. The cardiac output cannot be varied, thereby maintaining circulatory stability
d. Parasympathetic nerve activity decreases end-diastolic volume
Increase in venous return increases the end-diastolic volume, which leads to increased stroke volume
This hormone stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow
EPO
Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2?
a. Heparin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Plasmin
d. Antithrombin
e. Prostacyclin
Prostacyclin
Which of the following reduces blood loss?
a. Erythrocyte
b. Platelet
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Neutrophil
Platelet
Once this is formed, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are identical
Prothrombinase
When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs?
a. Iron is secreted into the bile
b. Globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids
c. Heme is transported by transferrin
d. All of the above occurs
e. None of the above occurs
Globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids
Which of the following clotting factors has the most to do with strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?
a. Factor V
b. Factor VII
c. Factor XI
d. Factor XIII
e. Factor XIV
Factor XIII
- Which of the following is a anticoagulant?
a. Heparin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Protease
d. Prostacyclin
e. Plasmin
heparin
an acute loss of blood is what type of anemia?
hemorrhagic anemia
The rupturing of an excessive number of circulating erythrocytes is what type of anemia?
hemolytic anemia
This condition is commonly known as a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
What happens in the last step of blood coagulation
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
a swishy murmur heard between the second and first heart sounds would be indicative of:
An insufficient (leaky) AV valve
Since fibrinogen is always present in the blood but the blood does not clot, ________ must normally be absent
thrombin
Which of the following would NOT increase blood pressure?
a. Increased blood volume
b. Increased sympathetic stimulation
c. Increased heart rate
d. Increased stroke volume
e. Decreased cardiac output
Decreased cardiac output
The second heart sound
a. Occurs when the AV valve closes
b. Signals the onset of ventricular relaxation
c. Signals the onset of atrial contraction
d. Is produced by blood rushing through the AV valve during diastole creating a turbulent flow
Signals the onset of ventricular relaxation
The second heart sound represents which of the below events?
a. Valvular stenosis
b. Semilunar valves opening
c. Atroventricular valves closing
d. Semilunar valves closing
e. Atrioventricular valves opening
Semilunar valves closing
Which of the below reduces heart rate?
a. Increased norepinephrine hormone
b. Increased thyroid hormone
c. Increased potassium levels
d. Increased calcium levels
e. Increased sympathetic stimulation
Increased potassium levels
Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood is transported as:
Bicarbonate ions
This hormone causes the development of megakaryoblasts
Thrombopoietin
The common endpoint of Stage 2 (common pathway) of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of hemostasis is the:
Production (formation) of thrombin
When platelets come in contact with this substance in an injured vessel wall, it causes them to adhere and aggregate.
collagen
Substance released by platelets that cause more platelets to adhere
Thromboxane A2
A plasma protein activated by Factor X complex
Prothrombin
Third step in hemostasis
Blood coagulation
Released from injured tissue; activates extrinsic clotting pathway
thromboplastin
This agent is involved in the vascular spasm phase/stage of hemostasis
Thromboxane A2
If the end-diastolic volume were held constant, increased stroke volume could be accomplished by:
Increased sympathetic nerve activity to the heart
