Physiology Exam II Material

Question 1

The process of a white blood cell squeezing between cells to exit the blood vessel is called:

Answer 1

Emigration

Question 2

What are the three phases of hemostasis?

Answer 2

Platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, clotting

Question 3

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing:

Answer 3

A vascular spasm

Question 4

What is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

Answer 4

Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT increase blood pressure

a. Increased blood volume
b. Increased sympathetic stimulation
c. Increased heart rate
d. Increased stroke volume
e. Decreased cardiac output

Answer 5

Decreased cardiac output

Question 6

Which is NOT a major function of blood?

a. Transportation of nutrients
b. Regulation of blood pH
c. Protection against disease infection
d. Transportation of heat
e. Production of oxygen

Answer 6

Production of oxygen

Question 7

Which of the following is not a component of blood?

a. Blood plasma
b. Formed elements
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Platelets
e. White blood cells

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide

Question 8

Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

a. Albumins
b. Globulins
c. Fibrinogens
d. Prostaglandins
e. None of the above

Answer 8

Fibrinogens

Question 9

The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:

Answer 9

Hemopoiesis

Question 10

A megakaryoblast will form into a:

Answer 10

platelet

Question 11

During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells differentiate into:

Answer 11

Progenitor cells

Question 12

According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart:

a. Increase in venous return increases the end-diastolic volume, which leads to increased stroke volume
b. When venous return decreases, stroke volume increases to compensate
c. The cardiac output cannot be varied, thereby maintaining circulatory stability
d. Parasympathetic nerve activity decreases end-diastolic volume

Answer 12

Increase in venous return increases the end-diastolic volume, which leads to increased stroke volume

Question 13

This hormone stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow

Answer 13

EPO

Question 14

Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2?

a. Heparin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Plasmin
d. Antithrombin
e. Prostacyclin

Answer 14

Prostacyclin

Question 15

Which of the following reduces blood loss?

a. Erythrocyte
b. Platelet
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Neutrophil

Answer 15

Platelet

Question 16

Once this is formed, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are identical

Answer 16

Prothrombinase

Question 17

When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs?

a. Iron is secreted into the bile
b. Globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids
c. Heme is transported by transferrin
d. All of the above occurs
e. None of the above occurs

Answer 17

Globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following clotting factors has the most to do with strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?

a. Factor V
b. Factor VII
c. Factor XI
d. Factor XIII
e. Factor XIV

Answer 18

Factor XIII

Question 19

20. Which of the following is a anticoagulant?

a. Heparin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Protease
d. Prostacyclin
e. Plasmin

Answer 19

heparin

Question 20

an acute loss of blood is what type of anemia?

Answer 20

hemorrhagic anemia

Question 21

The rupturing of an excessive number of circulating erythrocytes is what type of anemia?

Answer 21

hemolytic anemia

Question 22

This condition is commonly known as a heart attack

Answer 22

Myocardial infarction

Question 23

What happens in the last step of blood coagulation

Answer 23

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin

Question 24

a swishy murmur heard between the second and first heart sounds would be indicative of:

Answer 24

An insufficient (leaky) AV valve

Question 25

Since fibrinogen is always present in the blood but the blood does not clot, ________ must normally be absent

Answer 25

thrombin

Question 26

Which of the following would NOT increase blood pressure? a. Increased blood volume b. Increased sympathetic stimulation c. Increased heart rate d. Increased stroke volume e. Decreased cardiac output

Answer 26

Decreased cardiac output

Question 27

The second heart sound a. Occurs when the AV valve closes b. Signals the onset of ventricular relaxation c. Signals the onset of atrial contraction d. Is produced by blood rushing through the AV valve during diastole creating a turbulent flow

Answer 27

Signals the onset of ventricular relaxation

Question 28

The second heart sound represents which of the below events? a. Valvular stenosis b. Semilunar valves opening c. Atroventricular valves closing d. Semilunar valves closing e. Atrioventricular valves opening

Answer 28

Semilunar valves closing

Question 29

Which of the below reduces heart rate? a. Increased norepinephrine hormone b. Increased thyroid hormone c. Increased potassium levels d. Increased calcium levels e. Increased sympathetic stimulation

Answer 29

Increased potassium levels

Question 30

Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood is transported as:

Answer 30

Bicarbonate ions

Question 31

This hormone causes the development of megakaryoblasts

Answer 31

Thrombopoietin

Question 32

The common endpoint of Stage 2 (common pathway) of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of hemostasis is the:

Answer 32

Production (formation) of thrombin

Question 33

When platelets come in contact with this substance in an injured vessel wall, it causes them to adhere and aggregate.

Answer 33

collagen

Question 34

Substance released by platelets that cause more platelets to adhere

Answer 34

Thromboxane A2

Question 35

A plasma protein activated by Factor X complex

Answer 35

Prothrombin

Question 36

Third step in hemostasis

Answer 36

Blood coagulation

Question 37

Released from injured tissue; activates extrinsic clotting pathway

Answer 37

thromboplastin

Question 38

This agent is involved in the vascular spasm phase/stage of hemostasis

Answer 38

Thromboxane A2

Question 39

If the end-diastolic volume were held constant, increased stroke volume could be accomplished by:

Answer 39

Increased sympathetic nerve activity to the heart