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M2M Unit III > Physiology - Everything! > Flashcards

Physiology - Everything! Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most important tumor suppressor genes?

A

RB, p53 & APC

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2
Q

What is the equation for the equilibrium constant Keq?

A

Keq = kf/kr = [C][D]/[A][B]

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3
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.28-7.44

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4
Q

What is the normal pH of cytosol?

A

6.9

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5
Q

What is the normal pH of urine?

A

5-8

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6
Q

What is the normal pH of gastric juice?

A

~2

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7
Q

Which organ controls the excretion & absorption of bicarbonate ions?

A

Kidney

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8
Q

What is the relative pKa of a strong acid? Strong base?

A

Lower pKa indicates stronger acid. Higher pKa is stronger base.

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9
Q

What are some examples of medically important weak bases?

A

Amphetamines, procainamide, nortriptylene, local anesthetics

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10
Q

What enzyme does H. pylori use to create a neutral pH environment in the gut?

A

Urease

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11
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pKa + log([proton acceptor]/[proton donor])

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12
Q

When does pH equal pKa?

A

When an acid or base is 50% deprotonated and 50% protonated

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13
Q

When pH&raquo_space; pKa, about what fraction of the acid or base is deprotonated?

A

> 99%

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14
Q

When pH &laquo_space;pKa, about what fraction of the acid or base is deprotonated?

A

<1%

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15
Q

How does bicarbonate act as a buffer of extracellular pH?

A

Bicarbonate binds protons in ECF to form carbonic acid. Another reaction release water molecules and carbon dioxide is left which gets exhaled by lungs.

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16
Q

What is the normal concentration of bicarbonate?

A

24 mM

17
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the second reaction of the bicarbonate buffer system?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

18
Q

What is the normal partial pressure of dissolved CO2 in blood?

A

40mmHg

19
Q

When calculating pH of ECF using HH equation, what value of pKa is used?

A

6.1

20
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.4

21
Q

What is “Cushing’s triad?”

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, aginal respirations

22
Q

What does Cushing’s triad indicate?

A

Cerebral edema

23
Q

What are the later signs of cerebral edema due to treatment of DKA?

A

Cushing’s triad + fixed dilated pupils due to compression of nerve

M2M Unit III (2 decks)

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