Physiology Concepts V

Question 1

what is clearance?

Answer 1

the volume of a fluid that has been completely “cleared” of a substance

Question 2

T/F: clearance can be both a volume and a volume over time

Answer 2

true

Question 3

In the clearance equation what does CL mean?

Answer 3

The clearance of the substance (flow rate - volume/time)

Question 4

Define flow rate

Answer 4

volume/time

Question 5

In the clearance equation what is Zr?

Answer 5

concentration of Z in the reservoir

Question 6

In the clearance equation what does Qb stand for?

Answer 6

flow of fluid into the “bladder” (volume/time)

Question 7

In the clearance equation what does Zb stand for?

Answer 7

concentration of Z in the bladder?

Question 8

If you cut the clearance in half, what happens to the concentration in the reservoir?

Answer 8

it doubles

Question 9

What is the missing link in understanding how ventilation works?

Answer 9

Boyle’s Law

Question 10

Define ventilation.

Answer 10

Process by which we move atmospheric air into and out of the alveoli

Question 11

T/F: Boyle’s Law applies to both gases and fluids.

Answer 11

False. ONLY gases

Question 12

If you decrease the volume, what happens to the pressure (gas)?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

P1V1 = P2V2 is the equation for which law?

Answer 13

Boyle’s Law

Question 14

T/F: flow of a liquid or gas through a tube is determined by the gradient in pressure

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Which other law can be applied when using Boyle’s Law?

Answer 15

Pouseille’s Law

Question 16

When gas moves into the lung during inspiration, how does the pressure in the alveoli compare to atmospheric pressure?

Answer 16

lower

Question 17

When gas moves out of the lung during expiration, how does the pressure in the alveoli compare to atmospheric pressure?

Answer 17

higher

Question 18

What major muscles contract during expiration?

Question 19

What major muscles contract during inspiration?

Question 20

How does the pleural fluid help us transmit force from the muscles that change the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 20

allows for lubrication
always maintains a negative pressure

Question 21

In Laplace’s Law equation, what does Te stand for?

Answer 21

the tension that is placed on the walls of a cylindrical/spherical structure

Question 22

In Laplace’s Law equation, what does t stand for?

Answer 22

thickness of the wall

Question 23

In Laplace’s Law equation, what does P stand for?

Answer 23

pressure inside the structure

Question 24

In Laplace’s Law equation, what does r stand for?

Answer 24

radius of the structure

Question 25

With reference to Laplace’s Law, when the radius increases, what happens to the tension?

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

T/F: The thinner a wall, the better it can counteract tension.

Answer 26

False. Thicker

Question 27

With reference to Laplace’s Law, when the pressure increases, what happens to the tension?

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

With reference to Laplace’s Law, when the thickness increases, what happens to the tension?

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

What impact does an increase in the diameter have on the tension across the wall of a vessel that has an aneurysm?

Answer 29

increases the tension
the bigger something becomes –> greater the strain felt across the wall

Question 30

In dilated cardiomyopathy, as the radius of the ventricle increases, what happens to the tension?

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

As your heart gets bigger, why does it exert more energy or increase it’s thickness?

Answer 31

to counteract the increase in wall tension