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Viva Primary > Physiology - circulating body fluids > Flashcards

Physiology - circulating body fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss the central Neural control affecting arteriolar tone

A

Vasomotor centre in medulla constrict / dilatation
Influence by Baroreceptors
NA vasoconstrictor fibres from spinal cord to smooth muscles
Peripheral barroreceptor
Peripheral chemoreceptors

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2
Q

Discuss the hormones that influence arteriolar tone

A 
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
AT II
Vasopressin
Bradykinin
Histamine >> basophils and mast cells
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3
Q

Describe the auto regulation of tissue blood flow

A

Flow remains constant despite moderate changes in perfusion pressure through alterations in vascular resistance

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4
Q

How does auto regulation apply to cerebral blood flow

A

Constant blood flow over pressure range of 65-140 mmHg

Sympathetic stimulation prolongs the plateau

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5
Q

What are the proposed mechanisms involved in auto regulation

A

Myogenic

Metabolic

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6
Q

What local factors can cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation

A

.

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7
Q

What are Baroreceptors and where are they located

A

6

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8
Q

What is the MOA of the Baroreceptors

A

Inhib stimulus to tractus solitarius medulla to decrease sympathetic discharge and increase cabal tone on the heart.

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9
Q

What is the action of Baroreceptors in the setting of acute blood loss

A

Decrease blood volume and venous return results in ….

Results in…

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10
Q

What is the maximum firing of Barorreceptors and what are they most sensitive to?

A

Pulse pressure rather than constant pressure.

150mmHg at carotids

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11
Q

What are the effects of Baroreceptors

What is the role of Baroreceptors

A

Inhibit tonic sympathetic tone & once. Vaal tone to ….

Allows rapid adjustments in BP in response to abrupt changes in posture blood volume, cardiac output, or peripheral resistance

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12
Q

Describe the factors that control blood flow to the myocardin

A

Local factors to control radius
Neurogenic
Pressure differences

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13
Q

How is BP maintained in the setting of cute blood loss (time frames)

A

1 Seconds/ minutes
2 mins to hours
3 longer term

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14
Q

What are the factors influence the vasomotor centre in the brain

A

1 Direct stimulation (co2 & hypoxia)
2 Exciting inputs (hypothalamus, pain pathways and chemoreceptors)
3 inhibitory inputs (from cortex via hypothalamus lungs and Baroreceptors)

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15
Q

Describe the factors affecting cardiac output

A

😜

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16
Q

What are the physiological responses to moderate blood loss

A

1 decrease Venus return, stimulation of Baroreceptors including catecholamine release
2 decrease renal bloodflow and activation of RAS
3 fluid shifts, hepatic synthesis of proteins and increase in red blood cell production

17
Q

Describe what happens to Cardiac out during exercise

A

.

18
Q

What are the local mechanisms to maintain a high blood flow in exercising muscle

A

4

19
Q

What factors affect cerebral blood flow

A

5

20
Q

Describe auto regulation of cerebral bloodflow

A

it is the process by which cerebral bloodflow is maintained at a constant level despite variation in perfusion pressure.
Average cerebral bloodflow is 54mls/ 100g/minute between MAP of 65 to 140mmHg

21
Q

What is the Munro Kelly doctrine

A

1 The brain tissue and spinal fluid are essentially incompressible
2 The volume of blood spinal fluid and brain tissue must be relatively constant
3 So when ICP rises, the cerebral blood vessels are compressed resulting in reduced cerebral bloodflow

22
Q

What is cushing’s reflex

A

1 Increased ICP >33mmHg decreases CBF to cause is harms
2 causes increased stimulation of Baroreceptors and vagal outflow
3 bradycardia and slowing of respiration

23
Q

Describe coronary artery or blood flow during the cardiac cycle

A

Flow in diastolic
LV subendocardium most vulnerable
RCA folw through systolic and diastolic due to lower RV pressures

24
Q

What factors decrease coronary artery bloodflow

A

1 physiologic

2 pathological

25
Q

What chemical factors regulate coronary bloodflow

A

8

26
Q

Describe the neural regulation of coronary bloodflow

A

Alpha
Beta
Vagal
Noradrenaline but offset but incr HR & contra tiling with production of metabolites to maintain coronary blood flow

27
Q

What percentage of cardiac output goes to the kidneys

A

.

28
Q

How is renal bloodflow regulated

A

1 substances and chemicals 7
2 renal nerves
3 Autoregulation

29
Q

How can Reynolds bloodflow be measured

A

Flicks principle

PAH acid to measure renal flow

30
Q

Describe the differences in regional blood flow within the kidney

A

Cortex vs medulla

31
Q

Describe the mechanisms of Venus return to the heart

A

Thoracic pump
Effect of beating heart
Muscular pump
Differential resistance of veins closer tot the heart

32
Q

Describe the ABO blood types and their inheritance

A

Mendelian co-dominance

Ha tigers similar to intestinal bacteria promotes development of antibodies

Viva Primary (1 decks)

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