Physiology; Cell Organelle

Question 1

What is cell

Answer 1

Cell is the basic structural functional biological unit of life capable of independent existence

Question 2

Structure of cell

Answer 2

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 3

Cell organelles?

Answer 3

Cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Microtubules
Microfilament
Nucleus
Intercellular connection
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Cell membrane is

Answer 4

A double layer of lipids and proteins that seperate the cytoplasm, ICF from the ECF

Question 5

Lipid layer contains majorly

Answer 5

Phospholipid and cholesterol

Question 6

Function of lipid layer

Answer 6

It only allows fat soluble substances to pass through like Oxygen CO2 alchol

Question 7

Protein layer are

Answer 7

Electron dense layers divided into integral and peripheral proteins

Question 8

Function of integral proteins

Answer 8

Structural integrity of cell
Receptor sites
Some carrier proteins act as pumps
Antigen
Enzymes
Transport of substances
Attachment of cell to neighboring cells

Question 9

Carbohydrates attach to

Answer 9

Lipids to form glycolipids
Proteins to form glycoproteins
Over the cell membrane to form glycocalyx

Question 10

Function of carbohydrates in cells membrane

Answer 10

Are negatively charged and prevent negative ions from passing through

Glycocalyx from neighboring cell helps in tight fixation of cells with each other

Some are hormone receptors

Question 11

Function of cell membrane

Answer 11

Selective permeability
Excretory function
Absorptive function
Exchange of gases
Protective function
Maintenance of shape and size

Question 12

What is cytoplasm and it’s parts

Answer 12

Cytoplasm is a jellylike part of cell made up of 80% water and a clear liquid portion known as cytosol. It’s divided into
ECTOPLASM which is the peripheral part just beneath the cell membrane
And ENDOPLASM which is the inner portion

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Is a network of tubular and microsomal vesicular structures interconnected with one another and is divided into rough and smooth ER

Question 14

Functions of Rough ER

Answer 14

Synthesis of proteins
Degradation of worn out organelles

Question 15

Functions of smooth ER

Answer 15

Storage and metabolism of calcium
Role in Cell metabolism
Synthesis of non proteins substances
Catabolism and detoxification

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Is a membrane bound organelle involved in processing of proteins

Question 17

Functions of Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Processing of materials
Packaging of materials
Labeling and delivery of materials

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles known for their degradation activity and are found throughout the cell. It also contains hydrolytic enzymes . It is divided into primary and secondary lysosomes

Question 19

Functions of lysosomes

Answer 19

Degradation of macro molecules
Degradation of worn out organelles
Secretory function by secretory lysosomes
Removal of excess secretory products

Question 20

Lysosomes and peroxixomes are pinched off from

Answer 20

Golgi apparatus and Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

Peroxixomes

Answer 21

Are men bound org that secrete enzymes like catalase, urate oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase

Question 22

Functions of peroxixomes

Answer 22

Breakdown of fatty acids by betaoxidation
Major site of oxygen utilization
Glucogenesis from fats
Formation of myelin
Formation of bile acids
Degradation of purine to uric acid
Degradation of toxic substances such as hydrogen peroxide

Question 23

Centrosomes

Answer 23

Are men bound org found at center of cell close to nucleus and contains centrioles made up of proteins that helps in movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 24

Secretory vesicles

Answer 24

Are men bound org that contain secretory substances and are found throughout the cell and may rupture to be released into the cytoplasm. It is formed in ER and processed and packed in GA

Question 25

Mitochondria and diameter

Answer 25

Is a rod shaped mem bound org that is known as the power house of the cell, because of generation of energy and a diameter of 0.5-1U

Question 26

Outer membrane of mitochondria

Answer 26

Is smooth and encloses content of mitochondria. It has enzymes such as glycerolphosplate acetyltransferase and acetyl coA synthetase

Question 27

Inner membrane

Answer 27

Has invaginations known as cristae and contains many enzymes necessary for production of ATP and all these enzymes form electron transport system

Question 28

Mitochondria has its own DNA

Answer 28

It’s the only organelle apart from nucleus with dna

Question 29

Other functions of mitochondria

Answer 29

Apoptosis Detoxification of ammonia in liver Storage of calcium

Question 30

Nucleus and diameter

Answer 30

Nucleus is the largest and most prominent cell organelle and is 10% of total cell volume and is 10-22U diameter

Question 31

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 31

One nucleus and no nucleus

Question 32

Function of nucleus

Answer 32

Storage of hereditary information Formation of subunits in ribsomes Synthesis of RNA Control of cellular activities Control of cellular division

Question 33

Organelles without limiting membrane

Answer 33

Are ribosomes and cytoskeleton

Question 34

Ribosomes

Answer 34

Are non mem bound org that are granular and dot like in appearance. It is made up of 35% proteins and 65% rna. Ribosome in rna is called ribosomal rna and with a diameter of 15nm

Question 35

Types of ribosomes

Answer 35

1. Ribosomes attached to rough ER 2. Ribosomes free in the cytoplasm

Question 36

Function of ribosome

Answer 36

Synthesis of protein

Question 37

Cytoskeleton

Answer 37

Is a cell organelle found throughout the cytoplasm and gives shape and support to the cell

Question 38

Types of cytoskeleton

Answer 38

Microfilament Microtubule Intermediate filament