Physiology And Histology Of The Skin Flashcards
The _______ is the largest organ in the body.
Skin
Physiology includes the functions, _________ and anatomy of the skin.
Layers
Histology is the study of the structure and function of the ____ ______.
Skin tissue
Skin of an adult weighs about ___ pounds.
7
The average adult has about _____ square feet of skin.
22
The body maintains ___________________ through evaporation, perspiration to keep us from overheating.
Thermoregulation
_____________ of sweat glands release heat from the body through perspiration to keep us from heating.
Millions
____ layers help to insulate the body.
Fat
Hair follicles also help regulate ______ ____________. The arrest or puli muscle cause the hair to stand up straight and cause goose bumps.
Body temperature
The ________________ ____________, also know as sweat glands, excrete perspiration and detoxify the the body by excreting excess water, salt and unwanted chemicals through the pores.
Sudoriferous glands
The ____ ________ is a protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat and water. These components form a hydrolipidic film to protect the skin from drying out and from exposure to external factors.
Acid mantle
The average pH of the acid mantle is .
5.5
The ___________ _____________ protects skin from irritation and transepidermal water loss.
Barrier function
Melanin also provides protection from the ____ _______ of the sun.
UV rays
__________ is a pigment in the eyes, hair and skin.
Melanin
Absorption of ingredients, water and oxygen is necessary for skins house. ___________ __ is also synthesized and produced in the skin upon exposure to the sun.
Vitamin D
Sensory nerve endings in the ________ respond to touch, pain, cold, heat and pressures.
Dermis
___________ ___________ fibers are most abundant in the fingertips and thus are designed to be one of the most sensitive parts of the body.
Sebaceous glands
The ____________ is the outermost layer of the skin.
Epidermis
The epidermis is comprised of ____________________, cells that produce keratin, approximately 95% of the epidermis is __________________.
Keratinocytes
A fiberous protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin.
Keratin
Keratin is found in all layers of the ______________.
Epidermis
Hard keratin is the ___________ found in hair and nails.
Protein
The epidermis is only ___._ mm to ___._mm thick.
0.04
1.5
The epidermis is comprised of five strata or _________.
Layers
As estheticians, we are only concerned with the_____________ and not allowed to work in the dermis.
Epidermis
Five layers of the epidermis:
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum/Basale
Also known as the basal layer; this is the layer where everything germinates.
Stratum Germinativum
Stratum Germinativum is an active layer where_____ ______ undergo continuous cell division (mitosis) to replenish the regular loss of skin cells.
Stem cells
Stratum Germinativum in only ___ layer of cells thick.
1
Melanocytes are cells that produce_________ layers.
Pigment
___________ is the pigment.
Melanin
Melansomes are _____________ carrying granules.
Pigment
Melansomes are pigment carrying ____________.
Granules
Also known as the spiny layer.
Stratum Spinosum
Cells continue to divide and change shape in this layer.
Stratum Spinosum
Keratin filaments that form bonds between cells form is this layer.
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Spinosum contains ________________ cells which are part of the immune system.
Langerhans
Also known as the granular layer.
Stratum Granulosum
This this layer is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin.
Stratum Granulosum
The production of keratin and intercellular lipids take place here.
Stratum Granulosum
A thin clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum.
Stratum Lucidum
It is a translucent layer that allows light to pass through.
Stratum Lucidum
Also know as the horny layer
Stratum corneum
This is the top outermost layer of the epidermis.
Stratum Corneum
Estheticians are primarily concerned with this layer.
Stratum Corneum
This layer is very thin yet waterproof, permeable, regenerative and detoxifies the body.
Stratum Corneum
Keratinocytes have hardened into _______________.
Corneocytes
Stratum Corneum; These cells have dried out and lack ____________.
Nuclei
Also known as the derma, corium, cutis or true skin.
The Dermis
It is the supportive layer of connective tissues below the epidermis.
The dermis
The _________ is about 25 times thicker than the epidermis and consists of two layers: papillary and reticular.
Dermis
Synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues and plays critical role in wound healing.
Fibroblast
Fibroblast are the most common cells in
Connective tissue
Is a protein substance of complex fibers that gives skin its strength and is necessary for wound healing.
Collagen
Produced by _________________, collagen make up around 70% of the dermis.
Fibroblasts