Physiology & Anatomy : Skeletal System

Question 1

How many types of bones and what are they called?

Answer 1

5 types : long, short, irregular, sesamoid and flat

Question 2

What are the 2 groups of bones called?

Answer 2

Axils and appendicular

Question 3

Name and describes 3 types of bone cells?

Answer 3

Osteoblasts- build bones
Osteocytes- compact bone
Osteoclasts- break down bone

Question 4

What are the 2 types of development called for bone building?

Answer 4

Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral ossification

Question 5

Name the 7 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 5

1- support body tissues
2- allows movement 
3- protects delicate organs
4- forms blood cells
5- forms joints
6- provides attachments for muscles
7- provides a store of calcium salts & phosporus

Question 6

Describe a compact bone?

Answer 6

Gives hardness and strength

Question 7

Describe a spongy bone?

Answer 7

Gives lightness and flexibility

Question 8

Describe periosteum?

Answer 8

Outer coating of bone

Question 9

Describe articular cartilage?

Answer 9

Cartilage at the end of the bone

Question 10

Describe diaphysis?

Answer 10

The shaft of a long bone

Question 11

Describe epiphysis?

Answer 11

The heads of the bone

Question 12

Describe medullary canal?

Answer 12

Contains the bone marrow

Question 13

Describe endosteum?

Answer 13

Tissue lining the medullary canal

Question 14

Describe bone marrow?

Answer 14

Either red or yellow. In kids red bone marrow is in every bone. I’m adults bone marrow is yellow except in femur, humerus, sternum & pelvic girdle. Red bone marrow produces blood cells.

Question 15

Bone is made of a specialised matrix, describe it?

Answer 15

A biological glue containing protein and sugars in which cells are embedded. 1/3 organic- cells, 2/3 inorganic-matrix contains calcium phosphate & calcium hydroxide which interact to form hydroxy apatite.

Question 16

Ossification stage 1, name and describe it?

Answer 16

Condensation- bone forming cells develop around centre of the bone shaft.

Question 17

Ossification stage 2, name and describe it?

Answer 17

Calcification- cartilage cells in centre of shaft become saturated in calcium salts. They swell up and die, leaving empty holes in the bone structure

Question 18

Ossification stage 3, name & describe?

Answer 18

Ossification- holes join up to form tunnels. Blood vessels grow from outside of the bone into the tunnels. Osteoblasts form cells laying concentric rings around blood vessels and they become osteocytes

Question 19

Ossification stage 4, name and describe?

Answer 19

Reorganisation- bone cells are constantly being broken down and renewed by the osteoblasts & osteoclasts

Question 20

Describe calcium homeostasis?

Answer 20

Bones release calcium to tissues, fluid and blood then it’s deposited back to the bones. Also applies to phosphate homeostasis

Question 21

Name 3 types of joints?

Answer 21

1- synovial, free moving
2- fibrous, fixed
3-cartalaginous, slight moveable

Question 22

What are the 4 features of synovial fluid?

Answer 22

1- found between joints
2- lubricates the joints
3- reduces friction
4- stops bones rubbing together

Question 23

Describe articular cartilage?

Answer 23

Found at the ends of the bones that form the joints

Question 24

Describe ligament?

Answer 24

Found outside or inside the joint and it holds the bones together.

Question 25

Give 5 examples of synovial joints?

Answer 25

1- ball & socket, shoulders and hips
2- gliding, tarsals and carpals
3- hinge, elbow and wrist
4- saddle, wrist
5- pivot, first 2 cervical vertebrae

Question 26

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 26

206