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Gastro > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Main cause of liver abcess in developed countries

A

Bacterial infection from hematogenous spread, ascending cholangitis, peritoneal sources or trauma

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2
Q

Diagnostic test for Cryptosporidium infection

A

Modified acid-fast stain in the stool (oocyst)

Biopsy: villous blunting, basophilic Cryptosporidium organism on the brush border

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3
Q

The PPI supresses the activity of which transporter bomb?

A

H/K ATPase

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4
Q

Function of beta glucoronidase in bilirrubin cycle

A

Deconjugates bilirrubin so can be reabsorbed by intestine

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5
Q

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer caused by a mismatch repair gene mutation

A

Lynch syndrome. MLH1 and MSH2 genes afected

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6
Q

Enzyme located at duodenal and jejunal mucosa that activates trypsin

A

Enteropeptidase/enterokinase

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7
Q

Severe complication of Clostridium difficile infection

A

Toxic megacolon

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8
Q

Clinical features of VIPoma

A

Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorydia (pancreatic cholera).

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9
Q

Inhibited enzyme by fibrates that ↑ cholesterol concentration in bile and contributes to gallbladder lithiasis

A

Cholesterol 7a hydroxylase

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10
Q

Substance released by ileum and colon that binds entechromaffin-like cells and counteracts the cephalic and gastric phases of acid secretion

A

Peptide YY.

Inhibits gastrin-stimulated histamine release from ECLs

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11
Q

Released enzyme by injured hepatocytes and bacteria that contributes pigment (brown) gallstones formation

A

Beta glucoronidase

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12
Q

Vitamins that breastmilk lacks

A

Vit D and K

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13
Q

Toxins A and B of C. difficile affect which part of the enterocyte and what do they cause?

A

Both disruot cytoskeleton integrity and stimulate inflammation.
Toxin A → diarrhea
Toxin B → necrosis

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14
Q

Markers found in acute hepatitis A

A

Anti-HAV (IgM)

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15
Q

Vitamin deficiency that causes ↑ serum methylmalonic acid level

A

Vit B12

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16
Q

In Vit B12 deficiency, which enzyme is affected?

A

Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

17
Q

Mechanism of action of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in HCV infection

A

Prevents viral RNA replication and assembly

18
Q

Pathway which Leptine conducts to saciety

A

Inhibits neuropeptide Y (↓ appetite)

Stimulates production of alfa-MSH (↑ saciety)

19
Q

Site of action of Leptin in hypothalamus

A

Arcuate nucleus

20
Q

Serologic marker that indicates current Hep B infection

A

HBsAg (antigen found on surface of HBV)

21
Q

Mechanism due to Hep D virus superinfects

A

Depends on Hep B virus HBsAg coat for entry into hepatocytes

22
Q

Origin, function and stimulus of secretin

A

Duodenal S cells.
↑ pancreatic HCO3 secretion
Stimulated by gastric acid

Gastro (3 decks)

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