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Erin Y3 - Neurology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define depolarisation

A

When the membrane potential becomes less negative

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2
Q

Define hyperpolarisation

A

Membrane potential becomes more negative

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3
Q

Define repolarisation

A

Membrane potential returns to resting potential after being depolarised

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4
Q

In an AP what causes depolarisation?

A

Na+ influx

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5
Q

In an AP what causes repolarisation?

A

K+ efflux

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6
Q

___ influx happens before ___ efflux

A

Na+

K+

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7
Q

What are the different states of the Na+ channels?

A 
Closed state (generation of a new AP can happen) 
Open state
Inactivated state (generation of a new AP can't happen)
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8
Q

An AP can be conducted over long distances without decaying true/false

A

True

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9
Q

What is a graded potential?

A

A small change in the membrane potential

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10
Q

An graded potential can be conducted over long distances without decaying true/false

A

False

the passive signals diminish as they spread from their site of intitiation

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11
Q

What is the length constant?

A

λ= length constant

The distance that the current can travel before it diminishes to 0

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12
Q

What does the distance over which a current spreads depend on?

A

Membrane resistance

Axial resistance

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13
Q

What is membrane resistance?

A

Ability of the membrane to prevent leakage of current (should be high, minimal leakage)

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14
Q

What is axial resistance?

A

Impedance of current inside the axons (should be small, minimal impedance of flow of ions within the axons)

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15
Q

How do you increase membrane resistence?

A

Myelin sheath

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16
Q

How do you decrease axial resistance?

A

Increase axon diameter

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17
Q

_____ conduction is a factor in the propagation of the AP

A

Passive
(The passive spread of depolarisation to the adjacent distal region of the membrane slightly depolarises the new region causing opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels)

18
Q

How do you increase passive current spread (and thus increase AP velocity)?

A

Decrease axial resistance

Increase membrane resistance

19
Q

What is the method of conduction in myelinated axon called?

A

Saltatory conduction

20
Q

In myelinated axons what are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

21
Q

___ influx induces release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron

A

Ca2+

22
Q

Presynaptic neurons have _____ zones around which vesicles cluster

A

Active

23
Q

Postsynaptic neurons contain ______ ______ containing neurotransmitter receptors

A

Postsynaptic densities

24
Q

What are the 3 classifications of synapse based on morphology?

A

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

25
Q

What are the 2 classifications of synapse based on functionality?

A

Excitatory

Inhibitory

26
Q

At an excitatory synapse what neurotransmitter is commonly present?

A

Glutamate

27
Q

At an inhibitory synapse which neurotransmitters are commonly present?

A

GABA

Glycine

28
Q

What response does a excitatory synpase cause?

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

29
Q

What response does a inhibtory synpase cause?

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

30
Q

In an EPSP there is influx of ___ ions

A

Na+

31
Q

In an IPSP there is an influx of ___

A

Cl-

32
Q

An EPSP ____ the membrane

A

Depolarises

33
Q

An IPSP ____ the membrane

A

Repolarises

34
Q

An IPSP can generate and AP (true/false)

A

False

makes the membrane potential more negative, EPSP can cause an AP in threshold is met

35
Q

What 2 types of synaptic integration is there?

A

Spatial

Temporal

36
Q

What is the difference between spatial summation and temporal summation

A

Spatial: 2 or more separate inputs arrive almost simultaneously from different presynaptic neurons
Temporal: 2 or more APs arrive in rapid succession along a single presynpatic neuron

37
Q

What is net excitation?

A

The inputs from presynaptic neurons are combined and postsynaptic neurons compute whether there is going to be a net excitation (more than the resting potential) or a net inhibition (less than the resting potential)
Threshold may be reached and an AP fired

38
Q

What receptors are involved in direct gating?

A

Ionotropic receptors

39
Q

What receptors are involved in indirect gating?

A

Metabotropic receptors

40
Q

In indirect/direct the gating of the channel is slower

A

Indirect

41
Q

What are the 4 functional region of a neuron?

A

Input
Integrative
Conductile
Output

42
Q

What is the site of initiation of the “all or nothing” AP?

A

Axon hillock

Erin Y3 - Neurology (17 decks)

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