Physiology

Question 1

your FEV1/FVC ratio has to be under _% to be diagnosed with COPD

Answer 1

70

Question 2

why is gas exchange affected in emphysema?

Answer 2

destruction of the alveoli

Question 3

pulmonary compliance is __creased in emphysema; why?

Answer 3

increased

lose elasticity of tissue so its easier for the lung to expand

Question 4

emphysematous lungs have a problem with compliance/recoil

Answer 4

recoil

Question 5

dynamic airway compression is more likely to occur during active expiration/inspiration

Answer 5

active expiration

raising intrapleural pressure which will compress the airways

Question 6

what chemoreceptors are affected in anxiety?

Answer 6

central

autonomic

Question 7

2 components of COPD

Answer 7

emphysema and bronchitis

Question 8

pathophysiology of airways in COPD

Answer 8

fixed airway obstruction and decreased surface area for gas exchange

Question 9

pathophysiology of airways in fibrosis

Answer 9

reduced pulmonary compliance and impaired gas diffusion

Question 10

inc alveolar surface tension….

Answer 10

surfactant in newborns

Question 11

reversible airway obstruction…

Answer 11

asthma

Question 12

pathophysiology of the SoB in LHF?

Answer 12

reduced pulmonary compliance because of oedema and impaired gas diffusion as a result

Question 13

according to the O2/haem dissociation curve, how much does O2 need to drop before the Hb drops too

Answer 13

O2 needs to decrease ALOT before Hb decreases

Question 14

what effect does fibrosis have on an ABG?

Answer 14

affects the diffusion of gases esp oxygen as it thickens the membrane

Question 15

which diffuses more readily: CO2 or O2?

Answer 15

CO2

Question 16

which gas will be most affected in pulm fibrosis?

Answer 16

O2 as CO2 is more readily diffusible through the lungs

Question 17

what cause the tingling and numbness in an anxiety attack?

Answer 17

low calcium as a result of resp alkalosis

it binds to albumin and becomes biologically inactive

Question 18

how does calcium exist in the blood?

Answer 18

free unbound

bound to albumin

Question 19

functional residual capacity constitutes about _% of the lung capacity

Answer 19

50

Question 20

a low PO2 causes pulmonary vaso____

Answer 20

constriction

Question 21

larger airways are supplied by the pulm/systemic vasocontriction?

Answer 21

systemic

Question 22

does B2 or B1 agonists cause bronchodilation?

Answer 22

B2

2 lungs 1 heart

Question 23

surface area for gas exchange remains constant in the absence of disease T or F

Answer 23

F

it increases with exercise etc

Question 24

decreased lung diffusion capacity indicates what about the alveoli?

Answer 24

decreased surface area of the alveoli due to disease

Question 25

examples of restrictive lung disease?

Answer 25

pulm fibrosis

sarcoidosis

Question 26

what works faster: digoxin or ACEi?

Answer 26

ACEi

digoxin takes 24hrs so not good acutely

Question 27

what cardio drugs are NOT given in heart failure

Answer 27

calcium channel blockers

Question 28

Tx acute heart failure

Answer 28

IV furosemide + nitrate infusion

Question 29

MoA nitrates

Answer 29

venous dilatation which reduces preload

Question 30

PO2 is normal/low/high in an anxiety attack

Answer 30

normal

Question 31

breath sounds are ___ed in pneumothorax

Answer 31

decreased/nil

Question 32

compensation is fast/slow in resp acidosis

Answer 32

slow

Question 33

when would you get a low pO2 in COPD?

Answer 33

if you have an acute infection eg acute bronchitis

Question 34

resp alkalosis with a low pO2

Answer 34

altitude

Question 35

resp alkalosis with a normal pO2

Answer 35

anxiety

Question 36

the problem is within the airways or lung parenchyma in restrictive lung disease

Answer 36

lung parenchyma

Question 37

ketone bodies are acidotic/alkalotic

Answer 37

acidotic

Question 38

what kind of crackles would you hear with fluid in the lungs

Answer 38

fine

Question 39

what drug is prescribed to help with anxiety in terminal illness

Answer 39

lorazepam