Physiology

Question 1

Name the 3 components of blood

Answer 1

Plasma, Buffy coat, RBC

Question 2

What are the 3 main functions of blood

Answer 2

Transport - CO2 and O2
Maintenance of vascular integrity
Immunity

Question 3

Where are the blood cells formed (and what is this called)

Answer 3

HAEMATOPOESIS occurs within the bone marrow

Question 4

What are the 2 groups of stem cells known as

Answer 4

Myeloid and Lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 5

Name 3 main components of Plasma and 2 main components of Buffy coat

Answer 5

Plasma - Coagulation Factors, Albumin and Antibodies

Buffy coat - WC and platelets

Question 6

Differentiation of Lymphoid Cells

Answer 6

Natural killer
T and B cells
Plasma Cells

Question 7

Differentiation of Myeloid Cells

Answer 7

Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Mast cells
Erythocyte
monocyes

Question 8

Where does B-Cell activation occur

Answer 8

Germinal Centres of the Secondary Lymphoid organs - Spleen and lymph nodes etc.

Question 9

Normal Ranges for...
Hb (male)
Hb (female)
Platelets
WCC

Answer 9

Hb (male) - 135 - 170
Hb (female) - 120 - 160
Platelets - 150 - 400
WCC - 4 - 10

Question 10

Name the 2 forms of Tissue in the spleen and what is their function

Answer 10

Red Pulp - where the Red cells are activated

White Pulp - Immune function

Question 11

Give 3 potential Causes of Hypo and Hypersplenism

Answer 11

Hypo - Alcoholic Liver disease, Coeliac disease, HbSS

Hyper - Infection, Haem malignancy, haemolytic disease

Question 12

Name the elements and protein or a RBC and describe its structure

Answer 12

Enzymes, membrane and haemoglobin

Proteins = Alpha and Beta Spectin and Ankyrin

The RBC is made up 2 alpha chains (each with 2 genes = 4 total) and 2 Beta chains (each with 1 gene = 2 total) - these are the haem chains
the final product is haem