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Renal > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nephron?

A

The functional unit of the kidney

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2
Q

Which arterioles take the blood to and from the glomerulus?

A

Afferent takes it towards

Efferent takes it away

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3
Q

What happens once it has gone through the glomerulus?

A

Goes through the tubules then to minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis and ureter

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4
Q

What comes off the efferent arteriole?

A

Blood vessels that then run along side the tubules called intertubular capillaries

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5
Q

What are the layers of the filtration system?

A

Vascular endothelium
Glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes

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6
Q

What is the space in a glomerulus called?

A

Bowman’s space

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7
Q

What cells are on the tubular side of the filtration, and not part of the filter?

A

Mesangial cells

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8
Q

How long are kidneys?

A

8-9cm

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9
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Right due to liver pushing it down

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10
Q

Where are the nephrons in a medulla?

A

Cortex

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11
Q

How big is the cortex?

A

1cm

Can become thinner in CKD

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12
Q

How is the medulla organised?

A

In pyramids separated by renal columns

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13
Q

How many nephrons in a kidney?

A

1,000,000

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14
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical - lay mainly in cortex

Juxtamedullary - closer to medullar with long loop in medulla

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15
Q

What are the parts of the nephron?

A

Corpuscle
Tubular
Vascular

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16
Q

What are the parts of the tubule?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
LoH
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct

17
Q

What is the point of the mesangial cells?

A

Help to regulate filtration by contracting to reduce surface area of filtration

18
Q

What are the macula densa cells?

A

They are in the distal tubule, coming into contact with afferent arteriole in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

19
Q

Which cells release renin?

A

Granular cells in juxtaglomerular apparatus in the efferent arteriole

20
Q

What are the two cell types of the collecting duct?

A

Principal cells

Intercalated

21
Q

What do principal cells kinda control and why?

A

Na/K ATPase

Important in K secretions

22
Q

What do intercalated cells do?

A

They have the acid/base balance responsibility

23
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A 
Salt and water homeostasis
Acid/base balance
Endocrine (EPO)
BP regulation
Waste products (urea and ammonium)
Activate vitamin D

Renal (8 decks)

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