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GI > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

energy homeostasis

A

energy intake matched to energy expenditure

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2
Q

BMI boundaries

A

25 and less: normal/underweight
25-30: overweight
30-39.9: obese
40+ : morbidly obese

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3
Q

what controls energy expenditure and bodyweight

A

hypothamalus

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4
Q

how does CNS influence weight?

A

behaviour: how much we eat and physical activity
ANS: energy expenditure
Neuroendocrine: secretion of hormones

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5
Q

Satiation

A

sensation of fullness

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6
Q

Satiety

A

physical feeling of fullness that allows us to stop eating for a while

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7
Q

Adiposity

A

state of obesity

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8
Q

food reward

A

pressure derived from eating

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9
Q

Ghrelin

A

HUnger signal

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10
Q

leptin

A

made from fat cells

reduced leptin mimics starvatin causing obesity

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11
Q

Insulin

A

Made in pancreatic cells

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12
Q

Leptin in obesity

A

high levels of leptin

leptin resistance

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13
Q

structure size and function of the stomach

A

J shaped muscular bag
relative relaxation
starts protein digestion
carb digestion continue

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14
Q

chyme

A

gastric juice and partially digested food

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15
Q

structure and parts of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

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16
Q

role of the body of the stomach

A

storage

17
Q

role of the pylorus of the stomach

A

grinds the food

18
Q

HOw is the food mixed

A

by the churning action of the gastric smooth muscle against the closed pyloric sphincter

19
Q

what factors influence the stomach emptying

A

duodenal factors: fat, acid, distension, hypertonicity

gastric factors: volume and consistency of chyme

20
Q

Vagovagal reflex

A

controls contraction of the gastrointestinal muscle layers in response to distension of the tract by food

GI (4 decks)

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