Physiology Flashcards
Barium enema
- before procedure give enemas
- clear liquid diet the night before procedure
- NPO 8hrs before the test
- after: administer fluids, laxatives, or suppositories to expel barium
- teach:expect constipation and clay colored stools
Paracentesis
- before procedure client must void
- check wt
- check abdominal girth BID
- post: monitor I&O, abdominal girth, blood in urine?
- increase HOB 45-60degrees to allow fluid to pool; position spine with HOB slightly elevated for withdrawal
- max fluid withdrawal 4-5L
Foods high in Sodium
Celery Processed Foods Condiments Canned Foods Smoked Meats Tomato Juice Pickles Butter
Which clients do you increase salty snacks with?
(ABCL) Addison's Disease Burns Cystic Fibrosis Lithium therapy
Foods high in calcium
dairy products green leafy vegetables kale broccoli fish (canned with bones-sardines) oranges raisins nuts sesame seeds
With calcium, which vitamin do you take to help increase absorption?
Vitamin D (sunlight, cod liver oil,eggs, milk, fatty fish)
Foods high in potassium (k+)
apricots melons citrus fruits potato spinach raisins (dried fruits) raw vegetables nuts bananas grains kiwi figs avocado pumpkin peas cranberries
Foods high in iron
green leafy vegetables organ meats tofu poultry fish
Which vitamin do you take with iron to increase absorption?
Vitamin C
Lacto-ovo
dairy
eggs
Lacrosse-vegetarian
dairy
Ovo-vegan
eggs
Prego-vegan
dairy
only fish
Partial/semi vegetarian
dairy
eggs
avoid selected meats
Carbohydrate is the major source of ?
food energy
-grains, nuts, fruits
Protein is needed for?
tissue building
Protein can be found in?
meat chicken beans tofu legumes eggs
Fat is used for?
Insulation
energy
to carry fat soluble vitamins
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K (water soluble: B&C)
Which foods are fat found in?
egg yolk liver butter cheese margarine
In what clients do you decrease fat?
clients with cardiovascular and cardiac disease
CHO(carbohydrate)
4kcal/gm
Protein
4kcal/gm
Fat
9kcal/gm
Vitamins
necessary for normal cellular functions of the body
B1=Thiamine
given to alcoholics and to prevent beriberi (s/s waking difficulties, paresthesias of hands, loss of muscle function)
B1 can be found in?
grains meat fish nuts legumes
B3= Niacin
given to decrease cholesterol and triglycerides.
B3 deficiency causes?
pellagra (s/s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)
B3 are found in?
mushrooms tuna chicken breast asparagus halibut salmon
B6= Pyridoxine
Increase with INH (isoniazid) to decrease peripheral neuropathy
B6 is found where?
meat
fish
potatoes
vegetables
B9= Folic acid
given pre-natally to prevent neural tube defects
B9 are found in?
organ meats
green leafy vegetables
fish
poultry
B12= Cyanocobalamin
needed for normal neurological function
Deficiency of B12 causes?
pernicious anemia
B12 is found in ?
Brewer's yeast citrus fruit dried beans green leafy vegetables nuts organ meat
Vitamin A is good for?
mucous membranes and night vision
Vitamin A deficiency causes?
night blindness
hair loss
toxicity=liver damage & CNS effects
What is necessary for absorption with vitamin A?
bile
Vitamin A is found in?
fish
liver
egg yolk
yellow and dark green vegetables
Vitamin C is necessary for?
- synthesis of collagen and neurotransmitters
- assists with wound healing
Vitamin C deficiency causes?
Scurvy (irritability, bleeding gums, leg pain)
Vitamin C is found in?
citrus fruits
green leafy vegetables
strawberries
peppers
Vitamin E is required for?
The proper function of many organs in the body. It is also an antioxidant.
What is the s/s of a vitamin e overdose?
nausea stomach pain diarrhea headache fatigue blurred vision
What type of foods are vitamin e found in?
sunflower seeds almonds olives papaya dark green vegetables whole grains
what is vitamin k necessary for?
clotting
Where is vitamin k found in?
green vegetables
cabbage
liver
organ meats
omega 3 fatty acids are good for?
cardiovascular health diabetes mellitus immune function joint health (inflammation) cancer cognitive and behavioral function
omega 3 fatty acids can be found?
salmon herring mackerel anchovies sardines tuna halibut plant nut oil
Diet modification:
PROGRESSION
clear liquid-full liquid-soft-regular
Diet modification:
BLAND DIET
- helps to heal gastric mucosa
- decrease spices
Diet modification:
LOW RESIDUE
- used after bowel surgery, prior to bowel exam, for internal radiation
- AVOID nuts, seeds (strawberries), milk, foods high fiber (grains)
- Crohn’s disease
Tube feeding
- place pt in semi fowler position
- measure tip of nose, to tip of the earlobe to the zyphoid process
- assess for placement every 4hrs: insert 5-10ml of air while listening for air over the stomach, withdrawal fluid to check ph-4 or less indicated gastric contents. Values greater than 6 indicates intestinal contents (fluid must be replaced)
- residuals greater than 150ml should be reported
- X-raymost definitive method to determine placement
PPN: Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition
Temporary Supplement (4-7 days)
What vein is used in PPN?
Peripheral: peripheral vein is used
TPN: Total Parenteral Nutrition
- Finger sticks Q6hts-prone to hyperglycemia
- Never stop abruptly/taper may cause hypoglycemia
- piggy back with LIPIDS only
- Change tubing daily, USE A FILTER
- change dressing every OTHER day using STERILE TECHNIQUE
- If TPN unavailable unavailable administer Dextrose 10% until available
What line is TPN used for and how long?
Central line- long term/ jugular- less than 4 weeks
Celiac Disease
- Formally called (Spruce)
- Avoid foods containing GLUTEN
- Avoid BARLEY, RYE, OAT, WHEAT (BROW)
- Can have rice, corn, soy flour, pistachios
- HIGH protein, HIGH calorie diet
PKU: Phenylketonuria
- Avoid phenylalanine (amino acid that cannot be metabolized)
- Avoid artificial sweeteners, bread, meat, fish, poultry,cheese, nuts, eggs, legumes
- Guthrie test performed via heel stick. If done earlier than 24-48 hrs, test must be repeated in 7-14 days
- For infants- lofenolac formula is used (Low protein, Low amino acids)
- Can cause brain damage/mental retardation
Low Purine Diet (Gout: Increase Uric Acid)
- Avoid organ meat, shellfish, lobster, peas, beans, nuts, oatmeal, wheat, sardines, anchovies, alcohol, mushrooms
- Eggs and chocolate are OK- encourage fluids -2-3 L /day
- Beneficial foods: blackberries, tofu, soybeans, salmon
Colchicine-Cylorus
May decrease Vitamin B12 absorption, diarrhea- use during acute exacerbation
Allopurinal-Zyloprim
Bone marrow depression, arthralgia
Probenecid- Benemid
nausea
rash
constipation
Safety-Fire Safety
RACE Rescue/remove those in immediate danger Alarm others by activating the fire alarm Confine the fire Extinguish the fire if small or evacuate
To use a fire extinguisher
PASS Pull the pin Aim low at the base of the fire Squeeze the handle. Stand approximately 10 ft from fire Sweep the hose side to side
