Physiology

Question 1

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 2

What is ATP?

Answer 2

The breakdown of ATP is what gives our muscles energy.
There is enough stored for one contraction
It must constantly be rebuilt in order to keep using it

Question 3

What does ATP consist of?

Answer 3

An adenosine molecule and three phosphates

Question 4

How does ATP create energy?

Answer 4

When ATP is used it then breaks down and creates ADP which is an inorganic phosphate.

Question 5

What are the fuels for energy?

Answer 5

ATP is resynthesised through these energy fuels:

• phosphocreatine
• carbohydrates
• proteins
• fats

Question 6

What is carbohydrates in the blood, muscle and excess?

Answer 6

Glucose-blood, glycogen-muscle, liver adipose tissue- excess

Question 7

What is fat in the blood, muscle and excess

Answer 7

Fatty acids- blood
Triglycerides-muscle
Adipose tissue- excess

Question 8

What is protein in the blood, muscle and excess

Answer 8

Amino acids- blood
Amino acids- muscle
Adipose tissue- excess

Question 9

What is the preferred fuel source during rest?

Answer 9

Fats

Question 10

What is the main role of protein in the body?

Answer 10

Growth and repair of tissue

Question 11

When is protein used as a fuel source?

Answer 11

Long duration endurance exercise

Question 12

What are the three energy systems that converts our nutrients to energy?

Answer 12

• ATP-PC system
• Anaerobic glycolysis system
• Aerobic system

Question 13

Does the ATP-PC system use oxygen?

Answer 13

No it doesn’t require any oxygen

Question 14

When is the ATP-PC system used? Sport example.

Does it have any waste products?

Answer 14

It’s used for shorts bursts of exercise (about 10 secs worth) eg 100m sprint.
Has no waste products

Question 15

What is the energy source of Anaerobic glycolysis? What is the duration? Sporting example. Does it have any waste products?

Answer 15

• stored glycogen
• 10 secs-2mins
• 200m swim
• lactic acid (muscle fatigue)

Question 16

Does the anaerobic glycolysis system use oxygen?

Answer 16

No, this system can create ATP without the need of oxygen

Question 17

Does the Aerobic system use oxygen?

Answer 17

Yes, it uses oxygen to convert nutrients to ATP.

Question 18

What is the energy source of Aerobic system? What is the duration? Sports example. Are there any waste products?

Answer 18

The proffered fuel is carbohydrates, after three hours it uses fats and proteins.

• 2 mins
• walking, marathons
• carbon dioxide (which we breathe out) and water.

Question 19

Explain energy system interplay

Answer 19

All systems are in play all the time, however the level of contribution changes depending on the intensity and duration of the activity.