Physiology Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP?
The breakdown of ATP is what gives our muscles energy.
There is enough stored for one contraction
It must constantly be rebuilt in order to keep using it
What does ATP consist of?
An adenosine molecule and three phosphates
How does ATP create energy?
When ATP is used it then breaks down and creates ADP which is an inorganic phosphate.
What are the fuels for energy?
ATP is resynthesised through these energy fuels:
- phosphocreatine
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- fats
What is carbohydrates in the blood, muscle and excess?
Glucose-blood, glycogen-muscle, liver adipose tissue- excess
What is fat in the blood, muscle and excess
Fatty acids- blood
Triglycerides-muscle
Adipose tissue- excess
What is protein in the blood, muscle and excess
Amino acids- blood
Amino acids- muscle
Adipose tissue- excess
What is the preferred fuel source during rest?
Fats
What is the main role of protein in the body?
Growth and repair of tissue
When is protein used as a fuel source?
Long duration endurance exercise
What are the three energy systems that converts our nutrients to energy?
- ATP-PC system
- Anaerobic glycolysis system
- Aerobic system
Does the ATP-PC system use oxygen?
No it doesn’t require any oxygen
When is the ATP-PC system used? Sport example.
Does it have any waste products?
It’s used for shorts bursts of exercise (about 10 secs worth) eg 100m sprint.
Has no waste products
What is the energy source of Anaerobic glycolysis? What is the duration? Sporting example. Does it have any waste products?
- stored glycogen
- 10 secs-2mins
- 200m swim
- lactic acid (muscle fatigue)
Does the anaerobic glycolysis system use oxygen?
No, this system can create ATP without the need of oxygen
Does the Aerobic system use oxygen?
Yes, it uses oxygen to convert nutrients to ATP.
What is the energy source of Aerobic system? What is the duration? Sports example. Are there any waste products?
The proffered fuel is carbohydrates, after three hours it uses fats and proteins.
- 2 mins
- walking, marathons
- carbon dioxide (which we breathe out) and water.
Explain energy system interplay
All systems are in play all the time, however the level of contribution changes depending on the intensity and duration of the activity.
