Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

2 main types of gut motility

A

segmentation: isolated, mixing
peristalsis: coordinated contraction for movement

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2
Q

BERs

A

myogenic, rhythmic waves of depolarization that increase in frequency from 3Hz in the somach to 12Hz in intestines. When coupled with NTs (ACh) this causes peristaltic contractions.

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3
Q

3 stages of swallowing

A

Voluntary phase of chewing and moving bolus
Pharyngeal phase: soft palate moves up, larynx raises, glottis closes, breathing is inhibited (guiding to esophagus)
Esophageal: UES opens, peristalsis starts

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4
Q

What nerve controls esophageal motility?

A

Vagal

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5
Q

Hormone that promotes gastric emptying

A

Gastrin from antral or duodenal G cells

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6
Q

Hormone that inhibits gastric emptying

A

CCK from duodenum

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7
Q

Function of the MMC?

A

clears bacterial overgrowth and remaining SI contents during fasting. Occurs on 90 minute cycle.

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8
Q

What hormone mediates MMC?

A

Motilin

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9
Q

How much secreted fluid is lost per day in feces?

A

100-200mL of 10L

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10
Q

Which nerve mediates defecation?

A

Pelvic nerve, a spinal reflex

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11
Q

What molecule mediates mucus production/secretion?

A

Prostaglandins

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12
Q

4 phases of gastric acid production

A

Basal: circadian rhythm, highest in PM, lowest in AM
Cephalic: vagal mediated, 30%, ACh release
Gastric: neuro and hormonal, 50-60%, vasovagal reflex
Intestinal: hormonal with gastrin release, 5-10%

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13
Q

Direct pathway of acid secretion

A

ACh binds M3 to increase Ca
Gastrin binds CCKbR to increase Ca
Histamine binds H2R to increase cAMP

ALL LEAD TO H/K-ATPase phosphorylation

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14
Q

Indirect pathway of acid secretion

A

ACh and Gastrin act on ECL cells to increase Histamine release

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