Physiology

Question 1

Cardiogenic

Answer 1

Increased myocardial O2 demands
Activated RAAS and SNS
Systemic and pulmonary edema
Increased JVD, cool extremities, end organ hypoperfusion

Question 2

Hypovolemic

Answer 2

Increased Aldosterone and ADH
Splenic discharge of RBCs into circulation
intial CO increased but eventually declines
Prompt control of hemorrhage is essential

Question 3

Neurogenic

Answer 3

Massive vasodialation lowers BP and decreases nutrient delivery = RELATIVE hypovolemia
clinical hallmark is LOW SVR
Bradycardia can be profound

Question 4

Anaphylactic

Answer 4

Symptoms occur rapidly and include itchy rash, throat swelling, low BP.
May also have anxiety, dyspnea, GI cramps, edema, hives fever

Question 5

Septic

Answer 5

Most common in: pneumonia, bloodstream, intravascualr catherter, intra-abdominal, urosepsis and surgical wound infection.
morbidity and mortality relate to multiple organ dysfunction
immediate resuscitation recommended for lactate levels GREATER than 4 with fluids w/in 6 hrs regardless of BP