Physiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the loop of henle?

A

To be a counter-current multiplier.

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2
Q

which loops of henle are involved in counter-current multiplication?

A

The ones in the medulla.

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3
Q

what does the descending limb of the loop do?

A

Permeable to water, impermeable to NaCl - it dilutes the interstitium.

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4
Q

What does the ascending limb of the loop do?

A

Permeable to NaCl, impermeable to water. actively secretes NaCl to increase the osmotic gradient in the interstitium.

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5
Q

What is the maximum osmotic conc difference at one level?

A

200mosmoles.

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6
Q

what is the concentration of filtrate as it enter the loop of henle?

A

300mosmoles

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7
Q

What is the concentration of filtrate as it leaves the loop of henle?

A

100mosmoles

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8
Q

What is the function of the vasa recta?

A

provide oxygen to the medulla.

Remove excess water from the interstitium to maintain the gradient.

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9
Q

how much water does the vasa recta reabsorb each day?

A

Up to 36L

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10
Q

what is the target of furosemide drugs?

A

They inhibit the movement of NaCl at the ascending limb - so theres only ever isosmotic urine.

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11
Q

What is the function of the collecting duct?

A

To concentrate the urine.

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12
Q

which protein leaks through the filtrate and needs to be reabsorbed?

A

Albumin (up to 30g)

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13
Q

How does the liver remove drugs and pollutants?

A

It changes them from lipid soluble into hydrophilic so they can be removed in the water.

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14
Q

How much is the minimum volume of urine we will excrete per day?

A

500mls

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15
Q

how much fluid can be removed per day by the loop of henle?

A

36L

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16
Q

What controls the permeability of the collecting duct?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin).