Physiology Flashcards
In males is fertility cyclical or continuous?
Continuous
In females state two factors that can indicate the start of the fertile period.
Increase in body temperature by about 0.2 - 0.5 degrees C.
Cervical mucus becomes thin and watery.
State what the abbreviation IVF stands for an wrote a short paragraph to describe the process.
In Vitro Fertilisation.
Hormones are used to stimulate the production of multiple eggs by the ovary. Eggs are surgically removed from ovaries. Eggs are mixed with sperm in a culture dish and after fertilisation the zygote is incubated and allowed to divide forming an embryo. One or two embryos are then transferred to the uterus for implantation
Name the procedure, that can be used during IVF, that involves the injection of sperm directly into the egg.
Intra Cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Briefly describe artificial insemination and why it may be used.
Semen is introduced to the female reproductive tract by means other than sexual intercourse. Particularly useful when the male has a low sperm count as several semen samples can be collected. If a male partner is sterile, a donor may be used to provide semen.
State whether the following are physical or chemical methods of contraception, and state the way in which they prevent conception
a.) condoms
b.) morning after pill
a.) physical. Act as a barrier to prevent the sperm reaching the egg
b.) chemical. Can prevent ovulation or implantation
The endometrium is the lining of which organ?
The uterus
Name the tube between the ovary and the uterus.
Fallopian tube/oviduct
The fallopian tube is lined with ciliated cells, explain the importance of these ciliated cells.
The cilia beat and help move the egg along the oviduct towards the uterus.
Where does fertilisation take place?
The oviduct
What type of chemical do endocrine glands produce?
Hormones
Name the fluid filled sac containing an immature ovum.
Graafian follicle
Name the hormone the Graafian follicle produces.
Oestrogen
Which structure within the ovary secretes progesterone?
Corpus luteum
Blood progesterone levels of a female volunteer were monitored every day. The progesterone levels were low for almost 2 weeks, then were seen to rise. The first day with increased progesterone levels was a Thursday, and levels continued to increase on Friday and Saturday and the subsequent few days before gradually decreasing again.
On which day of the week did ovulation occur?
Thursday
Name the two hormones, produced in the pituitary gland, that are involved in controlling the menstrual cycle.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinising hormone)
What is the name given to the release of an egg from an ovary?
Ovulation
Name two hormones made in the ovary.
Progesterone
Oestrogen
What hormone is made in the testes?
Testosterone
What event takes place at the same time when LH production surges
Ovulation
Name the hormone that thickens and further develops the endometrium and inhibits FSH and LH production.
Progesterone
Name the hormone that low levels of it causes loss of the endometrium
Progesterone
Name the hormone that stimulates the cervix to produce a thin mucus that is easily penetrated by sperm.
Oestrogen
True or false, progesterone levels will rise immediately (same day) after ovulation.
TRUE (when ovulation occurs, the Graafian follicle turns into the corpus luteum – corpus luteum begins to produce progesterone, this will happen quickly enough that progesterone levels will rise on the same day as ovulation).
