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PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Neurological DCI with spinal involvement is usually associated with gas bubbles in which area of the body?

A

Lumber Area

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2
Q

What area of the body is Lumbar?

A

Lower back (spine)

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3
Q

What area of the body is the Sacral area?

A

Below lumbar spine (back of pelvic cavity)

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4
Q

What part of the body is your Thoracic area?

A

Space in your chest (middle section of spine)

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5
Q

What part of your body is the Cervical area?

A

Neck region of your spinal column

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6
Q

After a pulmonary barotrauma a diver may not return to diving before?

A

At least 3 months after full recovery

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7
Q

Where in the body is the bone called the Patella?

A

In the Leg

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8
Q

A diver who surfaces uncontrollably from 36msw must be recompressed to?

A

18msw (or 60fsw) on O2

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9
Q

Body tissues receive oxygen from?

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

Which chemical in the blood enables the blood to carry oxygen?

A

Haemoglobin

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11
Q

Oxygen is used during decompression to?

A

Improve the elimination of inert gas

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12
Q

The vital capacity of the lungs is?

A

The greatest volume of air you can breathe in and out of your lungs in a single breath

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13
Q

What is the maximum depth for pure oxygen in a DDC?

A

18msw (2.8Bar)

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14
Q

While on BIBS a diver complains of; Twitching of facial muscles, dizziness, tunnel vision and difficulty hearing, what is he likely suffering from?

A

Acute Oxygen Toxicity

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15
Q

During decompression a diver complains of chest pain and difficulty in breathing what are the suffering from?

A

Pneumothorax

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16
Q

During decompression a diver complains of chest pain and difficulty in breathing what are the suffering from?

A

Pneumothorax

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17
Q

If the body temp is raised, what will happen to the solubility of gases in the body?

A

It will decrease

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18
Q

What are the three ways heat can be transferred?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

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19
Q

A diver loses heat to the surrounding water by means of?

A

Conduction

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20
Q

Heat loss by creating water currents (by heating the surrounding fluid) is transferred by?

A

Convection

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21
Q

Heat from the sun is transmitted by?

A

Radiation

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22
Q

Which heat transfer method is most significant to divers?

A

Conduction

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23
Q

Body heating must be supplied below what depth?

A

50msw

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24
Q

Gas heating must be supplied below what depth?

A

150msw

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25
Q

Which tissue will absorb more gas in a given time?

A

The brain

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26
Q

What are giveaway symptoms of a neurological DCI

A

Weakness and fatigue

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27
Q

Air/gas liberated around the heart area is called?

A

Mediastinal Emphysema

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28
Q

Air or Gas embolism causes a blockage of?

A

Arterial Circulation

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29
Q

A diver complains of ear pain and vertigo whilst working between 0-15msw, what would you suspect?

A

Ear drum rupture

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30
Q

AODC recommended maximum PPO2 in diving?

A

1.6Bar

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31
Q

AODC recommended maximum PPO2 in the chamber?

A

2.8Bar

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32
Q

What is the likely first sign of CNS O2 toxicity in the DDC?

A

Quivering Lips

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33
Q

What’s usually the first sign of acute CNS O2 toxicity in the water?

A

Convulsion

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34
Q

A common sign of pulmonary O2 toxicity is?

A

Dry cough

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35
Q

During O2 breathing the pulse will?

A

Fall

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36
Q

When breathing air, nitrogen narcosis will begin around what depth?

A

30msw

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37
Q

DMAC 07 is?

A

Recommendations for flying after diving

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38
Q

DMAC 15 is?

A

Medical equipment to be held at the site of offshore diving operation

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39
Q

DMAC 28 is?

A

Provisions for equipment for saturation medical emergency

40
Q

DMAC 31 is?

A

Accelerated decompression in emergency for saturation

41
Q

Gas formation in tissues around the neck is called?

A

Subcutaneous Emphysema

42
Q

Signs of acute O2 toxicity are likely after three hours of breathing a PPO2 of what?

43
Q

Signs of pulmonary O2 toxicity are encounter when the PPO2 over a long period exceeds?

44
Q

When the heart stops, how many minutes will it take for brain damage to occur?

45
Q

Serious DCI symptoms are unlikely to present themselves after a surface interval of how long

46
Q

During normal respiration at rest how much oxygen does the body move per minute?

47
Q

During exercise how much oxygen is used by the body in a minute?

A

1000ml
Therefore 500ml per minute is used for calculations involving a diver as per IMCA D 050

48
Q

During normal breathing how much gas remains in the dead space?

49
Q

How many breaths per minute does the average male take at rest?

50
Q

During tidal breathing how much gas is moved per breath?

51
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of gas moved during normal resting breathing

52
Q

What is the total lung capacity? And how much can actually be moved during very deep breathing?

A

6000ml total lung capacity
But 5000ml vital capacity

53
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum volume of gas moved through the body during very deep breathing

54
Q

What is the recovery position in first aid?

A

Lying down on side with leg extended

55
Q

What is the red pigment in the blood called?

A

Haemoglobin

56
Q

Which bloody vessel carries oxygen from the lungs to the heart?

57
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood directly to the tissues?

A

Capillaries

58
Q

How does oxygen assist decompression?

A

By blood perfusion

59
Q

Where is the cochlea found?

60
Q

Shortly after a diver, the diver complains of pins and needles in his toes and pain around the waist, what is the diagnosis?

A

Spinal bend

61
Q

CO2 poisoning commences when the PPCO2 reaches approx?

A

20mb (2000ppm)

62
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning commences when the PPCO reaches approx?

63
Q

A DCS on board must be reported to?

A

Offshore Manager or Master of the Vessel

64
Q

Interstitial Emphysema is gas trapped where?

A

In the tissue outside of the lungs alveoli

65
Q

Mediastinal Emphysema is gas trapped where?

A

The space in the chest between the two lungs

66
Q

Gas formation in the tissue around the neck is called?

A

Subcutaneous Emphysema

67
Q

A Pneumothorax is a collection of gas where?

A

Outside the lung but within the pleural cavity

68
Q

The Imominate bone is found where?

69
Q

When treating for hypothermia by submerging trunk in warm water, what should you look out for during treatment?

A

Cardiac Arrest

70
Q

As per DMAC 007, what is the recommended time to wait before flying after an air saturation (more than 4 hours under pressure)?

A

Flights below 600m after 24hours but all other flights after 48hours

71
Q

A squeeze occurs in a body cavity that has?

A

Rigid walls

72
Q

Joint pain occurring 15 hours after a dive is probably due to?

A

Joint strain (basically not DCI)

73
Q

Serious symptoms are unlikely to present themselves after a surface interval of?

74
Q

After a fast ascent, a diver suffers from visual distortion and loss of coordination, what is probably wrong?

A

Neurological DCI

75
Q

Unconsciousness will occur when the PPCO2 reaches?

76
Q

During a dive the bellman starts to complain of a headache, he is breathing rapidly and sweating, what is most likely wrong with him?

A

Hypercapnia

77
Q

After an uncontrolled ascent to the surface, an air diver becomes confused and semi conscious. What is probably wrong with him?

A

Arterial Gas Embolism

78
Q

Shortly after a diver, the diver complains of pins and needles in his toes and a pain around his waist, the pain is getting worse, what is your diagnosis?

A

Progressive Neurological DCI with girdle pain

79
Q

Following successful treatment for DCI, a diver should not fly over 8000ft for how long?

A

72 hours for commercial flights if complete resolution after first recompression

80
Q

In the lungs what is the function of the alveoli?

A

Gas exchange

81
Q

If the body temperature is raised then what will happen to the solubility of gasses into the body?

A

It will decrease

82
Q

What is a symptom of a static limb bend?

A

Localised Pain (not neurological)

83
Q

High frequency hearing loss following a no stop dive would suggest?

A

Round window rupture

84
Q

Air/Gas liberated around the heart area is called?

A

Mediastinal Emphysema

85
Q

During oxygen breathing the pulse rate will?

86
Q

During a surface decompression, a diver eyes are flicking from side to side, what is he likely to be suffering from?

A

Decompression sickness

87
Q

Body tissues receive oxygen from?

A

Capillaries

88
Q

A diver blows to the surface where he complains of difficulty breathing, chest pain and visual disturbance, what is he likely to be suffering from?

A

Arterial Gas Embolism

89
Q

A diver becomes breathless and complains of nausea and tinnitus after 10 mins at 20msw, what could be the cause?

A

Carbon Monoxide poisoning

90
Q

During compression, high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) can occur in dives in excess of?

91
Q

What is the name for the centre of regulation of body heat?

A

Hypothalamus

92
Q

Over half of the bloods volume consists of?

93
Q

Decompression sickness symptoms usually present within 30 minutes how often?

A

50% of cases

94
Q

85% of the time Decompression sickness symptoms will present in the first?

95
Q

Middle ear barotrauma is caused by?

A

A blockage between Eustachian tube or outer ear

96
Q

Immediately following a dive, a diver complains of loss of power and sensation down one side, severe headaches and seems drowsy
What is he suffering from?

A

Arterial Gas Embolism

LST Exam (3 decks)

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