Physiology Flashcards
A pH of 7 is said to be:
Water (neutral)
What is muscle tone?
State of partial contraction
Rigor Morris is caused by:
Death. Sustained lack of oxygen
Is it possible for a voluntary muscle to be “involuntary”?
Yes, reflexes
Tetanus is:
A sustained contraction that fails to relax
The most common way to hypertrophy a muscle is to:
Repeatedly overwork the muscle
Where does the krebs cycle occur?
Mitochondria
Glycolysis produces ________ net molecules of ATP
2
The production of ATP without oxygen is called:
Glycolysis (anaerobic)
A disorder caused by bacteria that causes sustained contraction or lockjaw is:
Tetanus
The Krebs cycle requires_______ and produces _______
Oxygen / ATP
Peruvian acid without oxygen will oxygen will produce what in the muscle?
Lactic acid
A pH below 7 is said to be:
Acidic
Hypertrophy is:
Enlarged muscles due to over work
Pushing against a wall is an example of what kind of exercise?
Isometric
Is it possible for an involuntary muscle to voluntary?
Yes, mind over matter
All or none means
The muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all
The patellar reflex will cause:
The knee to jerk
Abuse of anabolic steroids will cause:
Large skeletal muscles, large heart muscle, baldness
The Krebs cycle produces ______ net molecules of ATP
36
Where does lactic acid production occur?
Cytoplasm
A pH above 7 is said to be:
Alkaline (basic)
A person who has exercised to the point of building up lactic acid must replace the oxygen by:
Breathing
Atrophy is:
Shrunken muscles due to lack of use
Running is an example of what kind of exercise?
Isotonic
The most important type of muscle for walking is
Skeletal
Picking up a pencil from a table is an example of what kind of exercise?
Isotonic
Translate linea alba from the Latin to English
White Line
The most common cause of death after anabolic steroid use is:
Heart attack
Aerobic respiration requires:
Oxygen
Calcium ions that diffuses into the sarcomere cause:
Myosin heads to attach to actin and contract
The sliding filament theory is
Actin and myosin slide across each other to shorten sarcomeres
The thin filament in the sarcomere is called
Actin
Both cardiac and skeletal muscles are multi-nucleated, why?
Code for lots of proteins
An extension of endo, peri- and epi mysium on a flat bellied muscle is called
An aponeurosis
Body temperature is produced by
Skeletal muscle
This type of muscle is found only in the heart
Cardiac
These muscles are voluntary, striated, and multi-nucleated
Skeletal muscles
The neuromuscular junction is
Where the muscle and nerve come close together
The neuromuscular transmitter associated with muscles is
Acetylcholine
What are the two proteins found in a sarcomere?
Actin and myosin
Cross bridges are on which myofibril protein?
Myosin
The thick filament in a sarcomere is called
Myosin
Sarcomeres are divided by
Z lines
A hernia is
A tear in a flat bellied muscle
An “outtie” is
An umbilical hernia
What kind of muscle is found at the mouth and anus, voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
The linea alba is
A white lime created by an aponeurosis to hold the rectus abdominis together
Endomysium is a connective tissue that covers
The myofibril
An extension of epimysium on a round bellied muscle is called
Tendon
The two types of involuntary muscle are
Cardiac and smooth
Posture is a function of
Skeletal muscle
Exercise where muscles contract to move bones
Isotonic
These muscles are involuntary with large single nuclei
Smooth muscles
The digestive system and blood vessels are composed of this type of muscle
Smooth muscles
A pH of 7 is said to be
Water (neutral)
Exercise with a muscle that doesn’t move a bone
Isometric
