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Sarahs Physiology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Root of sympathetic outflow
Root of parasympathetic outflow

A

T1-L2
Cranial - 3/7/9/10 and sacral S2-S4

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2
Q

Separation of cranial outflow

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior - combined as part of sympathetic stellate ganglion

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3
Q

Separation of sympathetic outflow

A

1) Paravertebral sympathetic chain
2) Splanchnic vessels to coeliac ganglion and superior mesenteric
3) To chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla

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4
Q

Which 3 neurons in the ANS are ACh released from

A

1) Pre and post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons
2) All pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons
3) Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons to sweat glands

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5
Q

Where neurons/ tissues are adrenergic

A

1) Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons (apart from sweat glands)
2) A/NA/D secreted from adrenal medulla

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6
Q

Where are muscarinic AChr sited

A

Effector organs of parasympathetic neurons

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7
Q

Which fibres are B?
Which fibres are C?

A

Pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons
Post ganglionic neurons

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8
Q

Which subclass of GPCR are
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3

A

A1 = Gq
A2 = Gi
B1 = Gs
B2 = Gs
B3 = Gs

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9
Q

Effect of A1 (Gq) adrenorececptors

A

Stimulates phospholipase C to make IP3 and DAG
Increases intracellular calcium

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10
Q

Clinical effect of A1 stimulation

A

Vasoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction
Contracts uterus
Increased glucose

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11
Q

Effect of A2 (Gi) adrenoreceptors

A

Inhibits adenyl cyclase

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12
Q

Clinical effect of A2 (Gi) adrenoreceptors

A

Vasodilation
Sedation
Platelet aggregation

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13
Q

Effect of B1/ B2/ B3 (Gs) adrenorecptors

A

Stimulates adenyl cyclase to increase cAMP

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14
Q

Clinical effect of B1 stimulation

A

Increased HR
Increased contractility
Gluconeogenesis
Renin release

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15
Q

Clinical effect of B3 stimulation

A

Lipolysis

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15
Q

Clinical effect of B2 stimulation

A

Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Uterus relaxation

16
Q

Effect of increased calcium at nerve terminal

A

Stimulates NA release from vesicles

17
Q

Alpha 1 antagonist example
Alpha 2 agonist example

A

Doxazosin
Clonidine

18
Q

B1 antagonists examples

A

Metoprolol
Atenolol

19
Q

M1 receptor GPCR class, location and effect

A

Gq
Glandular and gastric secretion

20
Q

M2 receptor GPCR class, location and effect

A

Gi
Heart
Decreased HR
Decrease iontropy

21
Q

M3 receptor GPCR class location and effect

A

Gq
Vascular and respiratory sm
Coronary vasodilation
Bronchoconstriction

22
Q

M4 GPCR class, location and effect

A

Gi
CNS
K/ Ca

23
Q

M5 GPCR class and location

A

Gq
CNS

24
Q

Endogenous catecholamine Mx

A

Phenylalanine –> tyrosine –> L dopa –> noradrenaline –> adrenaline

25
Q

Which enzyme converts L dopa to dopamine

A

Dopamine decarboxylase

26
Q

Which enzyme converts NA to A

A

PNMT

27
Q

Which is the rate limiting step in catecholamine pathway

A

Tyrosine to Ldopa

28
Q

What does COMT metabolise
What is the next step

A

Adrenaline to metanephrine
Noradrenaline to normetanephrine

Both are O methyalated and secreted in urine

29
Q

What does MAO Mx

A

MAO-A to DOMA
MAO-B to DHPG

30
Q

BP =

A

CO x SVR

31
Q

CO =

A

HR x SV

32
Q

Which drugs effect alpha (squeezers) (SVR)

A

Metaraminol/ Phenylephrine
Noradrenaline
Vasopressin

33
Q

Which drugs effect beta (pushers) (HR/ contractility)

A

Adrenaline
Dobutamine

34
Q

Pd metaraminol

A

Resp - increase RR, increase TV
CVS - Increase BP decrease HR
Renal - decrease blood flow
GU - contracts uterus

35
Q

Effect of VP1 stimulation

A

Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation

36
Q

Location and effect of VP2 receptors

A

Collecting duct of renal tubule - H20 reabsorption

37
Q

Describe phases of cardiac action potential

A

0 - Na influx, resting membrane -85mV, AP at -60mV to +20mV

1 - K efflux

2 - Ca influx through L type channels

3 - K efflux

4 - Na/K/ATPase
3 Na move out and 2 K move in to restore potential

Sarahs Physiology (1 decks)

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