Physiology

Question 1

Diffiusion happens faster for: (CO2 or O2)

Answer 1

CO2

Question 2

Which diaphram usually sits higher?

Answer 2

R side, it’s ontop of the liver

Question 3

The parietal pleura is on the ______

the visceral pleura is on the __________

In between these layers is called the _____________

Answer 3

ribs

Lungs

Pleural space

Question 4

Intrapleural pressure is typically ________ than intrapulmonic pressure

Answer 4

Lower

Note: if it was higher it would restrict the lungs

Question 5

It’s better to have a ________ tidal volume w/ a _____ respiration rate

Answer 5

Higher

Lower

Question 7

Diffusion happens where?

Answer 7

Alveoli

Question 8

Why must RBC pass close to the alveoli-capillary wall?

Answer 8

because oxygen does not diffuse as readily as CO2

Question 9

What is FiO2 of room air?

Answer 9

21%

Question 10

Why should patients NOT use valsalva maneuver

Answer 10

There is less venous return w/ valsalva maneuver bc of increased intrabdominal pressure.

Question 11

Every time you take a deep breath you __________ venous return

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

The surface tension of the lungs is lowered by ___________, absence of it can cause a collapsed lung

Answer 12

Surfactant

Question 13

Intra-alveoli pressure: If the pressure is __________ that allows more air to get to the alveoli and diffuse into the bloodstream

Answer 13

Lower

Question 14

Less pressure in alveoli + less pressure in pleural space = _______ tidal volume

Answer 14

More Tidal Volume

Question 15

When a patient lies supine, the diaphram wants to move ___________

Answer 15

Superiorly

This is why supine is a harder position to breathe in

Question 16

How will obesity affect the diaphram position?

Answer 16

Push it upwards -> harder to breathe

Question 17

If your diaphram is pushed upwards, you have ________________ functional residiual capacity

Answer 17

decreased

Question 18

How can you help patient’s who have decreased functional residual capacity due to diaphram pushed upwards

Answer 18

Diaphramatic scoop

note: Cpap also helps push diaphram back down in patient’s w/ obstructive sleep apnea

Question 19

Inhalation requires work

exhalation is a ________

Answer 19

passive process using elastic properties of lung

Note: hypercompliance reduces the ability to exhale! Obstructive lung disease!

Question 20

What is tidal volume

Answer 20

Amount that goes in and out w/ each breath

Question 21

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 21

Maximum volume u can inspire above your normal tidal volume

Question 22

What is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 22

maximum amount you can exhale above your tidal volume

Question 23

What is residual volume

Answer 23

Volume of air left in lungs after maximum effort

Question 24

Functional residual capacity vs Inspiratory capacity vs Vital Capacity vs Total Lung Volume

Answer 24

FRC = RV + ERV

IC = TV + IRV

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

TLC= IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Question 25

Patient's with obstructive lung volume have an __________ of residual lung volume overtime Patient's with restrictive lung volume have a __________

Answer 25

increase decrease

Question 26

T or F: RV, FRC, and TLC can be measured w/ spirometery

Answer 26

False, because these all include residual volume, which you cannot measure since you can't breath that out.

Question 27

Obstructive lung diseases cause a ___________ of TLC (Total lung capacity) Restrictive causes a _______ of TLC

Answer 27

Increase Decrease

Question 28

FEV1 predictive value is based off of...

Answer 28

Age gender race height

Question 29

If a patient has COPD, if they're given a bronchodilator, will their FEV1 change?

Answer 29

Not very much Compare this to asthma where the bronchodilator fixes the issue

Question 30

FEV1/FVC should be atleast a percentage of...

Answer 30

70%

Question 31

Why is taking deeper breaths important for patients?

Answer 31

Because airway resistance decreases with increased lung volume (increased conduction)

Question 32

What is normal V/Q?

Answer 32

.8 Ideal = 1

Question 33

If ventilation is greater than perfusion, this is considered:

Answer 33

Deadspace

Question 34

If ventilation is less than perfusion in an area of the lungs, what happens?

Answer 34

Shunting to areas with more ventilation

Question 35

Increasing tidal volume vs increasing breathing rate

Answer 35

Increasing breathing rate increases alveoli ventilation AND deadspace Increasing tidal volume ONLY increases ventilation This is because ventilation distribution improves with greater tidal volumes

Question 36

T or F, the base of the lungs has the highest absolute ventilation and perfusion

Answer 36

T due to them being larger, but the relative ratio of V/Q is not as great as in the upper lobes

Question 37

What part of the lung has the most deadspace?

Answer 37

Upper lobes

Question 38

What part of the lung has the most shunting

Answer 38

Lower Lobes

Question 39

Distribution of perfusion throughout the lung improves with ___________

Answer 39

exercise

Question 40

What is daltons law

Answer 40

In mixture of gasses, all of the partial pressures are added up to find the resultant pressure

Question 41

Restrictive disorders increase the _____________ between the RBC and capillaries/alveoli

Answer 41

distance

Question 42

Diffusion issues can lead to oxygen levels in the lung dropping -> _________________ -> May cause pulmonary hypertension -> Right sided heart failure

Answer 42

Reflexive vasoconstriction to deliver oxygen to ventilated parts of the lung (Shunting)

Question 43

What is normal pulmonary BP and what is considered too high with exercise

Answer 43

20 normal 40 too high with exercise

Question 44

Decreased O2, Increased CO2, and increased Acidity of the blood will shift the oxygen/hemoglobin disassociation curve to the ________

Answer 44

right

Question 45

Can supplemental oxygen help a patient with large dead-space ventilation or a large intrapulmonary shunt?

Answer 45

NO Because the oxygen can't get to these areas in the first place

Question 46

Respiratory control of ABG occurs __________ whereas metabolic control occurs _____________

Answer 46

Rapidly- minutes Slowily- days

Question 47

How might the respiratory system attempt to raise PH?

Answer 47

Hyperventilation

Question 48

How might the respiratory system attempt to lower PH?

Answer 48

Hypoventilation

Question 49

How might the metabolic system reduce acidity? How might it increase acidity?

Answer 49

Kidnesy will excrete HCO3 ( lower PH) Kidneys will retain HCO3 (Increase PH)

Question 50

Renal failure will cause respiratory metabolic ______________

Answer 50

Alkalosis (cannot excrete HCO3) Note: you will then have hypoventilation in an attempt to compensate.

Question 51

Choking aspiration tends to happen on the _______ primary bronchi due to it being straighter than the other

Answer 51

Right side