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Cardiopulm Final > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Diffiusion happens faster for: (CO2 or O2)

A

CO2

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2
Q

Which diaphram usually sits higher?

A

R side, it’s ontop of the liver

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3
Q

The parietal pleura is on the ______

the visceral pleura is on the __________

In between these layers is called the _____________

A

ribs

Lungs

Pleural space

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4
Q

Intrapleural pressure is typically ________ than intrapulmonic pressure

A

Lower

Note: if it was higher it would restrict the lungs

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5
Q

It’s better to have a ________ tidal volume w/ a _____ respiration rate

A

Higher

Lower

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Diffusion happens where?

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

Why must RBC pass close to the alveoli-capillary wall?

A

because oxygen does not diffuse as readily as CO2

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9
Q

What is FiO2 of room air?

A

21%

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10
Q

Why should patients NOT use valsalva maneuver

A

There is less venous return w/ valsalva maneuver bc of increased intrabdominal pressure.

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11
Q

Every time you take a deep breath you __________ venous return

A

increase

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12
Q

The surface tension of the lungs is lowered by ___________, absence of it can cause a collapsed lung

A

Surfactant

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13
Q

Intra-alveoli pressure: If the pressure is __________ that allows more air to get to the alveoli and diffuse into the bloodstream

A

Lower

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14
Q

Less pressure in alveoli + less pressure in pleural space = _______ tidal volume

A

More Tidal Volume

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15
Q

When a patient lies supine, the diaphram wants to move ___________

A

Superiorly

This is why supine is a harder position to breathe in

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16
Q

How will obesity affect the diaphram position?

A

Push it upwards -> harder to breathe

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17
Q

If your diaphram is pushed upwards, you have ________________ functional residiual capacity

A

decreased

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18
Q

How can you help patient’s who have decreased functional residual capacity due to diaphram pushed upwards

A

Diaphramatic scoop

note: Cpap also helps push diaphram back down in patient’s w/ obstructive sleep apnea

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19
Q

Inhalation requires work

exhalation is a ________

A

passive process using elastic properties of lung

Note: hypercompliance reduces the ability to exhale! Obstructive lung disease!

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20
Q

What is tidal volume

A

Amount that goes in and out w/ each breath

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21
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Maximum volume u can inspire above your normal tidal volume

22
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount you can exhale above your tidal volume

23
Q

What is residual volume

A

Volume of air left in lungs after maximum effort

24
Q

Functional residual capacity vs Inspiratory capacity vs Vital Capacity vs Total Lung Volume

A

FRC = RV + ERV

IC = TV + IRV

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

TLC= IRV + TV + ERV + RV

25
Q

Patient’s with obstructive lung volume have an __________ of residual lung volume overtime

Patient’s with restrictive lung volume have a __________

A

increase

decrease

26
Q

T or F:

RV, FRC, and TLC can be measured w/ spirometery

A

False, because these all include residual volume, which you cannot measure since you can’t breath that out.

27
Q

Obstructive lung diseases cause a ___________ of TLC (Total lung capacity)

Restrictive causes a _______ of TLC

A

Increase

Decrease

28
Q

FEV1 predictive value is based off of…

A

Age gender race height

29
Q

If a patient has COPD, if they’re given a bronchodilator, will their FEV1 change?

A

Not very much

Compare this to asthma where the bronchodilator fixes the issue

30
Q

FEV1/FVC should be atleast a percentage of…

A

70%

31
Q

Why is taking deeper breaths important for patients?

A

Because airway resistance decreases with increased lung volume (increased conduction)

32
Q

What is normal V/Q?

A

.8

Ideal = 1

33
Q

If ventilation is greater than perfusion, this is considered:

A

Deadspace

34
Q

If ventilation is less than perfusion in an area of the lungs, what happens?

A

Shunting to areas with more ventilation

35
Q

Increasing tidal volume vs increasing breathing rate

A

Increasing breathing rate increases alveoli ventilation AND deadspace

Increasing tidal volume ONLY increases ventilation

This is because ventilation distribution improves with greater tidal volumes

36
Q

T or F, the base of the lungs has the highest absolute ventilation and perfusion

A

T due to them being larger, but the relative ratio of V/Q is not as great as in the upper lobes

37
Q

What part of the lung has the most deadspace?

A

Upper lobes

38
Q

What part of the lung has the most shunting

A

Lower Lobes

39
Q

Distribution of perfusion throughout the lung improves with ___________

A

exercise

40
Q

What is daltons law

A

In mixture of gasses, all of the partial pressures are added up to find the resultant pressure

41
Q

Restrictive disorders increase the _____________ between the RBC and capillaries/alveoli

A

distance

42
Q

Diffusion issues can lead to oxygen levels in the lung dropping -> _________________ -> May cause pulmonary hypertension -> Right sided heart failure

A

Reflexive vasoconstriction to deliver oxygen to ventilated parts of the lung (Shunting)

43
Q

What is normal pulmonary BP and what is considered too high with exercise

A

20 normal

40 too high with exercise

44
Q

Decreased O2, Increased CO2, and increased Acidity of the blood will shift the oxygen/hemoglobin disassociation curve to the ________

A

right

45
Q

Can supplemental oxygen help a patient with large dead-space ventilation or a large intrapulmonary shunt?

A

NO

Because the oxygen can’t get to these areas in the first place

46
Q

Respiratory control of ABG occurs __________ whereas metabolic control occurs _____________

A

Rapidly- minutes

Slowily- days

47
Q

How might the respiratory system attempt to raise PH?

A

Hyperventilation

48
Q

How might the respiratory system attempt to lower PH?

A

Hypoventilation

49
Q

How might the metabolic system reduce acidity?

How might it increase acidity?

A

Kidnesy will excrete HCO3 ( lower PH)

Kidneys will retain HCO3 (Increase PH)

50
Q

Renal failure will cause respiratory metabolic ______________

A

Alkalosis (cannot excrete HCO3)

Note: you will then have hypoventilation in an attempt to compensate.

51
Q

Choking aspiration tends to happen on the _______ primary bronchi due to it being straighter than the other

A

Right side

Cardiopulm Final (8 decks)

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