physiology Flashcards
purpose of the yellow marrow
fatty CT → energy source during starvation
purpose of red marrow
site of hematopoiesis
what is the skeletal portion for
calcium, phosphorus
when there is low mineral level in the blood, what happens
minerals withdrawn from the bone
arrangement of skeletal muscles
skeletal muscles arranged in opposing groups around joints.
how do muscles contract?
Muscles are innervated—the nerves conduct electrical currents from the central nervous system that cause the muscles to contract.
what is a tendon
tough, flexible band made of fibrous connective tissue, and functions to connect muscle to bone
what is a joint
Joints are the bone articulations allowing movement
what is a ligament
A ligament is a dense, white band of fibrous elastic tissue.
Connect the ends of bones together in order to form a joint.
purpose of a ligament
Limit joint dislocation and restrict improper hyperextension and hyperflexion.
what is a bursae
provide cushions between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint.
what are osteoblasts
from mesenchymal stem cells
what are osteoclasts and location
large multi-nucleated cells, attached to bone surface at sites of active bone resorption.
what are osteocytes
derivatives of osteoblasts
what cells are responsible for maintenance of bony matrix
osteocytes
what cells are responsible for resorption of mineralised tissues
osteoclasts
what cells respond to changes in physical forces and transduce messages to cells
osteocytes
what cells direct initiation of formation or resorption
osteocytes
which cells are responsible for bone matrix synthesis and mineralisation
osteoblasts
how does chronic glucocorticoid use affect bone
Induces the decrease in osteoblast differentiation, increased apoptosis of both osteoblasts and osteocytes
