Physiology

Question 1

What chemical substance in the blood is the main oxygen carrier?

Answer 1

Haemoglobin

Question 2

An increase in respiratory rate in a diver while working may be due to?

Answer 2

Increased Co2

Question 3

Oxygen used in decompression is to

Answer 3

Improve the elimination of inert gas

Question 4

The vital capacity is best described as

Answer 4

Maximum expired volume after maximum inhalation

Question 5

What is the maximum depth that therapeutic oxygen can be administered?

Answer 5

18 msw

Question 6

A diver suffering from an AGE is recompressed in order to

Answer 6

Reduce the size of the gas bubble causing the embolism

Question 7

A diver complains of hearing difficulties, tunnel vision, dizziness and twitching of face muscles during surface deco. What is he most likely suffering from?

Answer 7

Acute o2 poisoning

Question 8

During decompression a diver complains of chest pain and difficulty breathing. You halt the deco and symptoms subside. If the symptoms reoccur on deco what is he likely suffering from?

Answer 8

Pneumothorax

Question 9

One of the most common causes of vestibular DCI is

Answer 9

Changing of breathing medium from mixed gas to air

Question 10

Complete desaturation of Nitrogen from the body usually takes

Answer 10

12 hours

Question 11

During a surface deco divers eyes are flickering from side to side uncontrollably. He also feels unwell. He is likely suffering from?

Answer 11

Decompression sickness

Question 12

After surfacing a diver complains of feeling fatigued and weary. He may be suffering from?

Answer 12

DCS type 2

Question 13

On competition of an air dive, a diver complains of visual disturbance and facial pains. What should you do?

Answer 13

Table 6

Question 14

How does nitrogen solubility on fatty tissue compare to lean tissue?

Answer 14

More soluble

Question 15

Several hours after a dive a diver is complaining of tunnel vision and girdle pain. These are symptoms of what?

Answer 15

Type 2 DCS

Question 16

After completing a dive to 30m, the diver complains of feeling unwell, dizzy and has visual disturbances and pain in his joints. What’s your immediate course of action?

Answer 16

Table 6

Question 17

Middle ear barrotrauma is caused by?

Answer 17

Blockage between the eustachain tube and outer ear

Question 18

Pneumothorax is caused by

Answer 18

Air escaping through the lung surface and collecting in the pleural cavity

Question 19

Immediately after a dive a diver complains of loss of power and sensation down one side, severe headache and seems drowsy. He is most likely suffering from what?

Answer 19

Aerial Gas Embolism

Question 20

Anoxia is what?

Answer 20

A complete lack of o2

Question 21

Hypoxia is?

Answer 21

Low oxygen

Question 22

Hyperoxia is?

Answer 22

High o2 levels

Question 23

If gas ruptures the lung tissue and its trapped between the heat and lungs it is known as?

Answer 23

Mediastinal Emphysema

Question 24

Pulmonary toxicity may occur when the PPo2 exceeds?

Answer 24

1.6 Bar / ATA

Question 25

A diver complains of pain behind the breast bone and a dry cough. What is he most likely suffering?

Answer 25

Pulmonary O2 poisoning

Question 26

Nitrogen narcosis usually occurs at partial pressures in excess of?

Answer 26

3 bar absolute

Question 27

What is the definition of hypothermia?

Answer 27

>2 degree drop in core body temperature.

Question 28

What is normal core body temperature?

Answer 28

37 degrees c

Question 29

What action should a diver take when suffering from nitrogen narcosis?

Answer 29

Decrease depth

Question 30

A diver at 28msw after 20 minutes develops a headache, breathlessness, nausea and anxiety and sweating. What's the most likely cause?

Answer 30

Co2 toxicity

Question 31

A diver at 40 msw on air suddenly drifts downward oblivious to increased depth. He is pulled back up to 30 msw by the D2. What is the most likely cause?

Answer 31

Nitrogen narcosis

Question 32

Over half the bloods volume is?

Answer 32

Plasma

Question 33

What is the name of the heat regulation centre of the body?

Answer 33

The hypothalamus

Question 34

What is considered normal vital capacity?

Answer 34

4 to 5 litres

Question 35

A diver starts breathing rapidly, and then loses consciousness. He is probably suffering from?

Answer 35

Co2 poisoning

Question 36

After what depth can HPNS symptoms start?

Answer 36

100 msw

Question 37

During a decent a diver suffers a lot of pain in his teeth. What is he suffering?

Answer 37

Dental barotrauma

Question 38

If the chamber PPo2 was 160 mb the divers would be suffering from?

Answer 38

Hypoxia

Question 39

What is the normal respiratory rate?

Answer 39

12 to 16 breathes a minute

Question 40

After a raid uncontrolled ascent the diver collapses on reaching surface. What is probably wrong with him?

Answer 40

Aerial Gas Embolism

Question 41

What depth is a table 6?

Answer 41

18 msw / 60 fsw

Question 42

CO poisoning is treated by?

Answer 42

Hyperbaric o2

Question 43

After decompression the diver complains of tingling in both feet. What would you do?

Answer 43

Repressurise to treatment depth and seek medical advise

Question 44

After loss of pressure on the chamber one of the divers has difficulty breathing, and his chest is moving unequally. He is probably suffering from what?

Answer 44

Pneumothorax

Question 45

After a raid ascent a divers lung ruptures, and gas enters his bloodstream. This condition is known as?

Answer 45

Aerial Gas Embolism

Question 46

A divers face starts to twitch when he is on BIBS. He is probably suffering from?

Answer 46

Acute oxygen toxicity

Question 47

A diver is brought to the surface unconscious, with cherry red lips and breath smelling of almonds. What is the likely cause?

Answer 47

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 48

External respiration takes place in what part of the body?

Answer 48

Lungs

Question 49

Haemoglobin combines with what gas easiest?

Answer 49

Carbon monoxide

Question 50

The body metabolises how much oxygen per hour?

Answer 50

30 L

Question 51

A diver is showing signs of balance and breathing difficulties and is coughing up pink frothy sputum, after an uncontrolled ascent. What would you suspect?

Answer 51

Pneumothorax

Question 52

A diver complains of joint pain after a dive. What would you suspect?

Answer 52

Type 1 DCS

Question 53

What is the maximum PPo2 for DCS treatment?

Answer 53

2.8 bar

Question 54

Carbon dioxide toxicity is known as?

Answer 54

Hypercapnia

Question 55

Nitrogen dissolves into fatty tissue more than lean tissue. True or False?

Answer 55

True

Question 56

You can treat hypothermia by immersing the trunk in warm water. True or False?

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Time for complete desaturation of nitrogen?

Answer 57

24 hours

Question 58

Fatty tissue holds how many times more nitrogen that lean?

Answer 58

5 times

Question 59

Onset of nitrogen narcosis is at what depth and pressure?

Answer 59

30 msw and 4 bar absolute

Question 60

If body temperature increases then solubility of gas does what?

Answer 60

Decrease

Question 61

Which gas diffuses fastest out of the body?

Answer 61

Helium

Question 62

What body part absorbs the most gas over time?

Answer 62

The brain

Question 63

A diver suffering dizziness and balance problems may be suffering what kind of bend?

Answer 63

Vestibular

Question 64

Weakness and fatigue are symptoms of what kind of bend?

Answer 64

Neurological Type 2

Question 65

What causes high frequency hearing loss?

Answer 65

Round window rupture

Question 66

Trapped air around the heart is called?

Answer 66

Mediastinal emphysema

Question 67

What is the most frequent sign of o2 toxicity in the chamber?

Answer 67

Convulsions

Question 68

What is a common sign of chronic o2 toxicity?

Answer 68

Dry cough

Question 69

What is the the onset temperature of hypothermia?

Answer 69

35 degrees

Question 70

What is the onset temperature of hyperthermia?

Answer 70

39 degrees

Question 71

Carbon dioxide poisoning is called?

Answer 71

Hypercapnia

Question 72

Most common sign of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 72

Cherry red lips

Question 73

Comfortable temperature range in saturation?

Answer 73

24 to 32 degrees

Question 74

Trapped gas around the neck is called?

Answer 74

Subcutaneous emphysema

Question 75

How would you treat hypercapnia?

Answer 75

Put on BIBs

Question 76

Body tissues recieve oxygen from?

Answer 76

Capillaries

Question 77

Pain on the thigh may indicate what?

Answer 77

A spinal bend

Question 78

Signs and symptoms of heat stroke

Answer 78

Headache, dizzy, hot, restless, nausea, weak pulse, shallow breathing, cramps

Question 79

Signs and symptoms of hypothermia

Answer 79

Cold, clammy, slow pulse, slurred speech, fixed ideas, weak breathing and unconscious

Question 80

Pneumothorax is best treated by?

Answer 80

100 % oxygen until medical intervention

Question 81

What is the most serious DCI symptoms?

Answer 81

Weakness and fatigue

Question 82

Air embolism causes blockage of what?

Answer 82

Arterial circulation

Question 83

Treatment for air embolism?

Answer 83

18 msw and oxygen

Question 84

In hypothermia the skin temperature is ?

Answer 84

Cold and clammy

Question 85

Hypothermia victim would not have which sign?

Answer 85

Raised pulse

Question 86

Core temperature gives a higher or lower reading?

Answer 86

Higher

Question 87

Co2 has a molecular weight of

Answer 87

44

Question 88

02 has a molecular weight of

Answer 88

32

Question 89

Name two gas exchange systems

Answer 89

Pulmonary and systemic

Question 90

What partial pressure is a diver likely to become unconscious at ?

Answer 90

150 millibar