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Y1 Respiratory > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume

A

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in normal breathing

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2
Q

What is normal tidal volume

A

500ml in both men and women

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3
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume

A

the extra volume of air that can be inspired after a forceful inspiration

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4
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume

A

the extra volume of air that can be expired after forceful expiration

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5
Q

What is residual volume

A

The amount of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration

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6
Q

What is functional residual capacity

A

The volume of air remaining in lungs after a normal exhalation

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7
Q

Difference between residual volume and functional residual volume

A

Residual volume = the remaining air after maximal expiration

Functional reserve volume = the remaining air after normal expiration

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8
Q

Formula of functional residual volume

A

ERV + RV

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9
Q

What is vital capacity

A

The maximum volume of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration

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10
Q

Formula for vital capacity

A

IRV + ERV + tidal volume

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11
Q

Formula for total lung capacity

A

IRV + tidal volume + ERV + RV

IRV + tidal volume + functional residual capacity

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12
Q

What is physiological dead space

A

anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space

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13
Q

What is anatomical dead space

A

Air filling in the respiratory tract but not used in gas exchange (eg. in bronchioles)

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14
Q

What is alveolar dead space

A

volume of air that is ventilated but not perfused in alveoli (not all alveoli are perfused)

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15
Q

What conditions increases alveolar dead space

A

Emphysema

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16
Q

What does ERV + RV represent

A

functional residual capacity

17
Q

What does IRV + ERV + tidal volume represent

A

vital capacity

18
Q

What is the formula for physiological dead space

A

(PaCO2−PeCO2)/PaCO2

19
Q

What does spirometry measure

A

the maximum volume of air forcefully expired after maximum inspiration

20
Q

What does “maximum volume of air expired after maximum inspiration” represent

A

forced vital capacity

21
Q

What is FEV1

A

FVC expelled after 1 second

22
Q

What does FEV1/FVC represent

A

Proportion of FVC expelled in 1 second of forceful expiration

23
Q

How do obstructive diseases affect spirometry

A

Reduction in FEV1
Reduction in FEV1 greater than reduction in FVC
FEV1 / FVC < 70%

24
Q

How do restrictive diseases affect spirometry

A

Reduction in FVC and FEV1

Normal FEV1 / FVC ratio

25
Q

What are the values of FEV1 and FVC for restrictive lung disease like

A

FEV1 and FVC < 70% expected

FEV1/FVC > 80% expected = normal

26
Q

Causes of restrictive pattern

A 
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Pleural effusion 
Pulmonary oedema
Obesity
Neuromuscular disorder 
Empyema
27
Q

Why do restrictive diseases cause such pattern

A

Due to reduction in total lung capacity - unable to hold that much air

Y1 Respiratory (4 decks)

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