Physiology

Question 1

What is a neurohormone

Answer 1

When a neurone releases a hormone into the blood

Question 2

What is a paracrine hormone

Answer 2

A hormone with local effect to its release

Question 3

Name of hormone before it becomes functional

Answer 3

Prohormone

Question 4

Name of cleaved ineffective hormone associated with insulin

Answer 4

C-peptide

Question 5

What is a tropic hormone

Answer 5

A hormone which regulates release of another hormone

Question 6

What does trophic mean

Answer 6

Hormone has an effect on growth

Question 7

1 order disorder

Answer 7

Defect in hormone secreting cell

Question 8

2nd order secretion

Answer 8

Little or too much tropic hormone from pituitary

Question 9

3rd order

Answer 9

related to hypothalamic defect

Question 10

Endocrine part of pancreases name

Answer 10

islets of langerhans

Question 11

What cells secrete glucagon

Answer 11

alpha

Question 12

What cells secrete insulin

Answer 12

Beta

Question 13

What cells secrete somatostatin

Answer 13

delta

Question 14

insulin stimulates what receptors in adipose and skeletal muscle cells

Answer 14

Glut-4

Question 15

Effect of increased glucose on insulin and glucagon

Answer 15

Increases insulin

Decreases glucagon

Question 16

Effect of amino acids on insulin and glucagon

Answer 16

Increases both

Question 17

What 2 things are needed for growth hormone to be effective

Answer 17

IGF-1

Thyroid hormone

Question 18

What stimulates release of IGF-1

Answer 18

Growth Hormone

Question 19

What organ releases IGF-1

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Effects of growth hormone

Answer 20

1- Increases blood glucose
2- inhibits insulin receptors on muscle and adipose
3- promotes lipolysis
4- increases amino acid uptake

Question 21

The 2 basic functions of thyroid hormone

Answer 21

Growth

Metabolism (catabolic of fat and protein)

Question 22

What condition produces antibodies which mimic TSH

Answer 22

Graves Disease

Question 23

Another word for adrenaline

Answer 23

Epinephrine

Question 24

What part of adrenal gland is neuroendocrine

Answer 24

Adrenal medulla

Question 25

What part of adrenal gland is classic endocrine

Answer 25

Adrenal cortex

Question 26

What is produced in Adrenal medulla

Answer 26

epinephrine

norepinephrine

Dopamine

Question 27

What is produced in Adrenal Cortex

Answer 27

Mineralocorticoids-Aldosterone (Na and K balance)

Glucocorticoids-Cortisol (maintain glucose levels in plasma)

Sex Steroids- only very small portion, most made in gonads

Question 28

What hormones increase Ca conc in plasma

Answer 28

Parathyroid hormone

Calcitriol

Question 29

What hormone decreases Ca conc in plasma

Answer 29

Calcitonin

Question 30

How does PTH (parathyroid hormone) act

Answer 30

Stimulates osteoclasts to reabsorb bone

Inhibits osteoblasts from depositing bone

Increases secretion of phosphate in urine (Phosphate + Calcium needed for bone)

Increases reabsorption of Ca in kidneys

Stimulates kidney to produce calcitriol

Question 31

How does calcitriol act

Answer 31

Increases Ca absorption in the intestine

Increases Ca absorption in kidney

Increases Phosphate absorption in kidney

Mobilises Ca stores in bone

Question 32

What 2 molecules does calcitriol cause the reabsorption of

Answer 32

Calcium

Phosphate

Question 33

What hormones Stimulate release of Ca from bone

Answer 33

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Calcitriol

Cortisol

Question 34

What does ACTH stimulate the release of

Answer 34

cortisol